Incident involving multiple victims of firearm violence
Aaron Alexis holding a shotgun during the Washington Navy Yard shooting
A mass shooting is a violent crime in which one or more attackers kill or injure multiple individuals simultaneously using a firearm. There is no widely accepted definition of "mass shooting" and different organizations tracking such incidents use different definitions. Definitions of mass shootings exclude warfare and sometimes exclude instances of gang violence, armed robberies, familicides and terrorism. The perpetrator of an ongoing mass shooting may be referred to as an active shooter.
In the United States, the country with the most mass shootings, the Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012 defines mass killings as three or more killings in a single incident.[1] A Congressional Research Service report from 2013 specifies four or more killings on indiscriminate victims while excluding violence committed as a means to an end, such as robbery or terrorism.[2] Media outlets such as CNN and some crime violence research groups such as the Gun Violence Archive define mass shootings as involving "four or more shot (injured or killed) in a single incident, at the same general time and location, not including the shooter".[3]Mother Jones magazine defines mass shootings as indiscriminate rampages killing three or more individuals excluding the perpetrator, gang violence, and armed robbery.[4][5] An Australian study from 2006 specifies five individuals killed.[6]
The motive for mass shootings (that occur in public locations) is usually that they are committed by deeply disgruntled individuals who are seeking revenge for failures in school, career, romance, or life in general[7] or who are seeking fame or attention[8] with at least 16 mass shooters since the Columbine massacre citing fame or notoriety as a motive.[9] Fame seekers average more than double the body counts, and many articulated a desire to surpass "past records".[9]
^"Text - H.R.2076 - 112th Congress (2011–2012): Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012". www.congress.gov. 14 January 2013. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^Bjelopera, Jerome P. (18 March 2013). "Public Mass Shootings in the United States: Selected Implications for Federal Public Health and Safety Policy" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2015. "There is no broadly agreed-to, specific conceptualization of this issue, so this report uses its own definition for public mass shootings."
^Follman, Mark; Aronsen, Gavin; Pan, Deanna. "US mass shootings, 1982–2022: Data from Mother Jones' investigation". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
^Follman, Mark; Aronsen, Gavin; Pan, Deanna. "A Guide to Mass Shootings in America". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
^Chapman, S. (December 2006). "Australia's 1996 gun law reforms: faster falls in firearm deaths, firearm suicides, and a decade without mass shootings". Injury Prevention. 12 (6): 365–72. doi:10.1136/ip.2006.013714. PMC 2704353. PMID 17170183.
^Fox & DeLateur. Mass shootings in America: moving beyond Newtown Archived 2 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Homicide Studies, Vol 8(1), pp 125–145.
^Lankford, Adam (1 March 2016). "Fame-seeking rampage shooters: Initial findings and empirical predictions". Aggression and Violent Behavior. 27: 122–129. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2016.02.002. ISSN 1359-1789. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ ab"Are the Media Making Mass Shootings Worse?". 16 September 2022. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
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