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A classic Scandinavian style round ceramic stove, which fits in the corner of a room, from the porcelaine manufacturer Rörstrand in Stockholm, c. 1900
A masonry heater (also called a masonry stove) is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating, by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel (usually wood), and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period. Masonry heaters covered in tile are called cocklestoves (also tile stoves or ceramic stoves). The technology has existed in different forms, from back into the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods. Archaeological digs have revealed excavations of ancient inhabitants utilizing hot smoke from fires in their subterranean dwellings, to radiate into the living spaces. These early forms have evolved into modern systems.
Evidence found from 5,000 BC of massive blocks[citation needed] of masonry used to retain heat foreshadowed early forms of fire hearths that were used as multifunctional heating sources. Later evolutions came in the Roman hypocaust and Austro-German cocklestove (kachelofen, literally 'tile oven', or steinofen, 'stone oven'), using the smoke and exhaust of a single fire. In Eastern and Northern Europe and North Asia, these stoves evolved in many different forms and names: for example the Russian stove (Russian: Русская печь), the Finnish stove (in Finnish: pystyuuni or kaakeliuuni, 'tile oven', or pönttöuuni, 'bowl oven' for the metal clad version) and the Swedish stove (in Swedish: kakelugn, 'tile stove') associated with Carl Johan Cronstedt. The Chinese developed the same principle into their Kang bed-stove.
A masonry heater is defined by ASTM International as "a vented heating system of predominantly masonry construction having a mass of at least 800 kg (1,760 lb), excluding the chimney and masonry heater base. In particular, a masonry heater is designed specifically to capture and store a substantial portion of the heat energy from a solid fuel fire in the mass of the masonry heater through internal heat exchange flue channels, enable a charge of solid fuel mixed with an adequate amount of air to burn rapidly and more completely at high temperatures in order to reduce emission of unburned hydrocarbons, and be constructed of sufficient mass and surface area such that under normal operating conditions, the external surface temperature of the masonry heater (except in the region immediately surrounding the fuel loading door(s)), does not exceed 110 °C (230 °F)."[1]
^Matesz, Ken (2010). Masonry Heaters: Designing, Building, and Living with a Piece of the Sun. Chelsea Green Publishing Co. p. xv. ISBN 9781603582131.
A masonryheater (also called a masonry stove) is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating, by capturing the heat from periodic...
Rocket mass heaters are developed from rocket stoves, a type of wood-burning stove, and masonryheaters. A primary design of a rocket mass heater consists...
outside of the masonry such that flame and soot never touch the inner oven walls—they are more common as accessory features of a masonryheater. A compromise...
Baltimore Heater, was patented in 1846 and became popular. Air-tight stove Angithi Bukhari (heater), traditional Indian wood stove Fireplace Hearth Masonry heater...
80% absolute efficiency. Masonryheaters were developed from Neolithic times to control air flow in stoves. A masonryheater is designed to allow complete...
flue in a die used in injection molding. Flue gas stack Combustion Masonryheater Look up flue in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Oxford English Dictionary...
charges. She strangled them, drowned them or burned them to death in her masonryheater. The corpses were either cremated, buried or hidden in the loft. Overbye...
and 4 /The Refractory Worldforum Midwest Chimney Safety Council Archived 2021-06-08 at the Wayback Machine MasonryHeater Association of North America...
example is the Austrian/German cocklestove (Kachelofen), a type of masonryheater. Mixed radiation, convection and conduction systems have existed since...
(heating system) Hypocaust Kang bed-stove Korean architecture Masonryheater Rocket mass heater "ondol". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived...
versatile fuel burning cook stove used in Vietnam since the 1950s Masonryheater or masonry stove Multi-fuel stove Portable stove Potbelly stove Primus stove...
original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2017. Ken Matesz (2010). MasonryHeaters: Designing, Building, and Living with a Piece of the Sun. Chelsea Green...
represents Neo-Renaissance. The ceiling paintings, the panels and the masonryheater have been artistically made. Right next to the villa there are defence...
charges. She strangled them, drowned them or burned them to death in her masonryheater. The corpses were either cremated, buried or hidden in the loft. Died...
wood-burning stoves, and as the preferred material for woodburning masonryheaters because it can absorb, store, and evenly radiate heat due to its high...
provided by baseboard heaters, space heaters, radiant heaters, furnaces, wall heaters, or thermal storage systems. Electric heaters are usually part of...
potter. He also manufactured bricks, terracotta, molded stones and masonryheaters. He was the third of ten children born to the master potter and city...
lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners than with the traditional masonry chimney, which soaks up all but the most violent rain. Some chimneys have...
Outdoor shots for the series "Verliebt in Berlin" also took place there. Masonryheater Bay window Antler furniture Spiral staircase Lusterweibchen Deer with...
Baroque style and in about 1750 a Baroque interior (Stucco; Overdoor; Masonryheater) followed. Since 1820 the castle was a domicile for a weaving mill producing...
coordinates) A chimney is an architectural ventilation structure made of masonry, clay or metal that isolates hot toxic exhaust gases or smoke produced...
original states. The period also saw several scientific novelties: The masonryheater, developed in 1767, revolutionised heating and Serafimerlasarettet,...
early-20th-century Russian industrial style — had electricity. Heat was provided by masonryheaters, some of which were Russian-made, and some imported from Holland. Station...
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