The Marker degradation is a three-step synthetic route in steroid chemistry developed by American chemist Russell Earl Marker in 1938–1940. It is used for the production of cortisone and mammalian sex hormones (progesterone, estradiol, etc.) from plant steroids, and established Mexico as a world center for steroid production in the years immediately after World War II.[1] The discovery of the Marker degradation allowed the production of substantial quantities of steroid hormones for the first time, and was fundamental in the development of the contraceptive pill and corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. In 1999, the American Chemical Society and the Sociedad Química de México named the route as an International Historic Chemical Landmark.[1]
The first large-scale application of the route took place in 1943, when Russell Earl Marker collected 10 tons of yam tubers to synthesize 3 kilograms (6.6 lb) of progesterone, which was the largest single amount of progesterone that had been produced by that time.[1] That single batch had a value of US$240,000 (approximately $3 million in 2009[2]) at the time it was synthesized.[1]
The discovery of the Marker degradation led to the development of a fine chemical industry in Mexico which, starting from scratch and in less than ten years, supplied more than half the human sex hormones sold in the United States. The booming industry caused a huge expansion in chemical education in Mexico.
^ abcd"Russell Marker and the Mexican Steroid Hormone Industry". American Chemical Society. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
^"The Inflation Calculator". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
and 21 Related for: Marker degradation information
The Markerdegradation is a three-step synthetic route in steroid chemistry developed by American chemist Russell Earl Marker in 1938–1940. It is used...
chemical constituents found in Mexican yams in a process known as Markerdegradation. This eventually led to the development at Syntex of the combined...
spiro acetal functionality, was fundamental in the development of the Markerdegradation, which allowed the industrial production of progesterone and other...
subtype of fibrin degradation products is D-dimer. The levels of these FDPs rise after any thrombotic event. Fibrin and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP)...
developed by Russell Marker in 1940 for the Parke-Davis pharmaceutical company. This synthesis is known as the Markerdegradation. The 16-DPA intermediate...
of diosgenin into progesterone by a four-step process now known as Markerdegradation was an important step in mass production of all steroidal hormones...
Diosgenin is a chemical precursor for several hormones, starting with the Markerdegradation process, which includes synthesis of progesterone. The process was...
Coagulation activation markers are biomarkers of net activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Examples include prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin–antithrombin...
infarction, other conditions can lead to an elevation in cardiac marker level. Cardiac markers are used for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients...
Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780822391968. Retrieved 11 January 2021. "The 'MarkerDegradation' & Creation of the Mexican Steroid Hormone Industry 1938–1945" (PDF)...
development of the process of Markerdegradation which allowed the production of hormones from vegetable saponin sources, Marker began a search for a plant...
A paintball marker, also known as a paintball gun, paint gun, or simply marker, is an air gun used in the shooting sport of paintball, and the main piece...
the concentration of particular proteins and degrade misfolded proteins. Proteins are tagged for degradation with a small protein called ubiquitin. The...
Synthesis of progesterone by Russell Marker at Pennsylvania State University in 1938 (a process now known as Markerdegradation), and the development of the Mexican...
shown to be calcium dependent. The complex is resistant to enzymatic degradation, and can be easily measured in faeces. The main diseases that cause an...
Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks. The "MarkerDegradation" and Creation of the Mexican Steroid Hormone Industry 1938–1945"....
non-reflective raised marker. Generally they are used to mark the edges of traffic lanes, frequently in conjunction with raised reflective markers.[citation needed]...
is typically degraded more quickly than 18S rRNA, and so measuring its peak height allows for detection of the early stages of degradation. Again, this...
isolated from oil have been shown to be potential organisms for hydrocarbon degradation. Cerniglia et al. observed that nine cyanobacteria, five green algae...
transferring sewage from Lowestoft to Corton STW. It suffered extreme concrete degradation throughout the facility from Hydrogen sulfide which has necessitated...
proteasome-mediated degradation. Meanwhile, E7, another one of the early-expressed HPV genes, will bind to Rb, also a tumor suppressor gene, mediating its degradation. The...