Double beta decay Magic number Nuclear shell model Two-photon absorption Goeppert Mayer unit
Spouse
Joseph Edward Mayer
(m. 1930)
Children
2
Awards
Nobel Prize in Physics (1963)
Scientific career
Fields
Physics
Institutions
Sarah Lawrence College Columbia University Los Alamos Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory University of California, San Diego University of Chicago
Doctoral advisor
Max Born
Doctoral students
Robert G. Sachs
Signature
Maria Goeppert Mayer (German pronunciation:[maˈʁiːaˈɡœpɛʁtˈmaɪ̯ɐ]ⓘ, née Göppert; June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize in physics, the first being Marie Curie. In 1986, the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award for early-career women physicists was established in her honor.
A graduate of the University of Göttingen, Goeppert Mayer wrote her doctoral thesis on the theory of possible two-photon absorption by atoms. At the time, the chances of experimentally verifying her thesis seemed remote, but the development of the laser in the 1960s later permitted this. Today, the unit for the two-photon absorption cross section is named the Goeppert Mayer (GM) unit.
Maria Goeppert married chemist Joseph Edward Mayer and moved to the United States, where he was an associate professor at Johns Hopkins University. Strict rules against nepotism prevented Johns Hopkins University from taking her on as a faculty member, but she was given a job as an assistant and published a landmark paper on double beta decay in 1935. In 1937, she moved to Columbia University, where she took an unpaid position. During World War II, she worked for the Manhattan Project at Columbia on isotope separation, and with Edward Teller at the Los Alamos Laboratory on the development of thermonuclear weapons.
After the war, Goeppert Mayer became a voluntary associate professor of physics at the University of Chicago (where her husband and Teller worked) and a senior physicist at the university-run Argonne National Laboratory. She developed a mathematical model for the structure of nuclear shells, for which she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, which she shared with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner. In 1960, she was appointed full professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego.
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MariaGoeppertMayer (German pronunciation: [maˈʁiːa ˈɡœpɛʁt ˈmaɪ̯ɐ] , née Göppert; June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical...
physicist MariaGoeppertMayer from 1930 until her death in 1972. He went to work with James Franck in Göttingen, Germany in 1929, where he met Maria, a student...
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Chicago as a professor and close associate of Fermi and MariaGoeppertMayer. Goepper-Mayer's work on the internal structure of the elements would earn...
and wore a suit made of polonium; and the theoretical physicist MariaGoeppert-Mayer, who earned a Nobel Prize in Physics for her groundbreaking work...
units of cm2⋅molecule−1. In honor of the fundamental contribution of MariaGoeppertMayer to this area, the unit for the two-photon absorption cross section...
Louisa May Alcott (/ˈɔːlkət, -kɒt/; November 29, 1832 – March 6, 1888) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet best known for writing the...
1949 following independent work by several physicists, most notably MariaGoeppertMayer and J. Hans D. Jensen, who received the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics...
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composition of the Universe. 2021 Sloan Research Fellowship. 2020 MariaGoeppertMayer Award for contributions to theoretical cosmology and astrophysics...
Angeles, California. The purpose of the move was to advance the careers of Maria and her younger sister, Marjorie. Both sisters became dance professionals...
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Bloch*, Physiology or Medicine, 1964 Karl Ziegler, Chemistry, 1963 MariaGoeppert-Mayer*, Physics, 1963 J. Hans D. Jensen, Physics, 1963 Rudolf Mössbauer...
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