For other people with the same name, see Manuel of Portugal.
Manuel I
Portrait of Manuel I at the Navy Museum
King of Portugal
Reign
25 October 1495 – 13 December 1521
Coronation
27 October 1495
Predecessor
John II
Successor
John III
Born
31 May 1469 Alcochete, Portugal
Died
13 December 1521(1521-12-13) (aged 52) Lisbon, Portugal
Burial
Jerónimos Monastery
Spouses
Isabella of Aragon
(m. 1497; died 1498)
Maria of Aragon
(m. 1500; died 1517)
Eleanor of Austria
(m. 1518)
Issue Detail
Miguel da Paz, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
John III, King of Portugal
Isabella, Holy Roman Empress
Beatrice, Duchess of Savoy
Louis, Duke of Beja
Ferdinand, Duke of Guarda
Afonso, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church
Henry, King of Portugal
Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
Maria, Duchess of Viseu
House
Aviz
Father
Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu
Mother
Beatrice of Portugal
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Signature
Manuel I[a] (European Portuguese:[mɐnuˈɛl]; 31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521), known as the Fortunate (Portuguese: O Venturoso), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch. Manuel ruled over a period of intensive expansion of the Portuguese Empire owing to the numerous Portuguese discoveries made during his reign. His sponsorship of Vasco da Gama led to the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India in 1498, resulting in the creation of the Portuguese India Armadas, which guaranteed Portugal's monopoly on the spice trade. Manuel began the Portuguese colonization of the Americas and Portuguese India, and oversaw the establishment of a vast trade empire across Africa and Asia.
Manuel established the Casa da Índia, a royal institution that managed Portugal's monopolies and its imperial expansion. He financed numerous famed Portuguese navigators, including Pedro Álvares Cabral (who discovered Brazil), Afonso de Albuquerque (who established Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean), among numerous others. The income from Portuguese trade monopolies and colonized lands made Manuel the wealthiest monarch in Europe,[1][2] allowing him to be one of the great patrons of the Portuguese Renaissance, which produced many significant artistic and literary achievements. Manuel patronized numerous Portuguese intellectuals, including playwright Gil Vicente (called the father of Portuguese and Spanish theatre).[3] The Manueline style, considered Portugal's national architecture, is named for the king.[4]
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^Stephens 1891, p. 178.
^Livermore 1976, p. 142.
^Stephens 1891, p. 177.
^Smith 1968, p. 23.
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