Mani Ratnam is an Indian filmmaker who works predominantly in Tamil cinema. Regarded as one of the greatest Indian filmmakers,[1] he is credited with redefining the "range and depth of Tamil cinema".[2] As of 2019, he has directed 28 films, and produced over 15 under his production company Madras Talkies.
Mani Ratnam made his directorial debut, without formal training or education in filmmaking, with the Kannada film Pallavi Anu Pallavi (1983). The critically acclaimed film, which he also wrote, won him the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay.[3] Then he entered Malayalam film industry with Unaroo, which was based on then prevailing trade union politics. His first Tamil film Pagal Nilavu (1985) was a commercial failure, but immediately followed Idaya Kovil (1985) found theatrical success.[4] The following year, he made the romantic drama Mouna Ragam, which narrated the story of a young woman who is forced into an arranged marriage by her family.[5] The critical and commercial success of the film established him as a leading filmmaker in Tamil cinema.[6] His next release Nayakan, starring Kamal Haasan, was inspired by the life of the Bombay-based gangster Varadarajan Mudaliar.[7] The film was submitted by India as its official entry for the 60th Academy Awards. Later in 2005, Nayakan was included in Time's "All-Time 100 Movies" list.[8] Mani Ratnam followed this with the tragic romance Geethanjali (1989), which marked his Telugu cinema debut; the tragedy Anjali (1990),[a] which narrated the story of an autistic child; and the crime drama Thalapathi (1991), loosely adapted from the Indian epic Mahabharata.[10] In 1992, he made the romantic thriller Roja for Kavithalayaa Productions.[11] The film was dubbed into many Indian languages, including Hindi,[12] and its widespread success brought national recognition to Mani Ratnam.[13][14][15] Three years later, he made Bombay (1995), which was based on the 1992–93 Bombay riots.[13] Although controversial for its depiction of religious riots,[16] the film met with wide critical acclaim and became commercially successful in India.[17][18]
In 1997, Mani Ratnam co-produced and directed the political drama film Iruvar,[b] which was loosely based on the relationship between cinema and politics in Tamil Nadu.[19] The following year, he made his Bollywood debut with Dil Se.., the third film in his "terrorism trilogy".[c] A box-office failure in India, the film emerged a success overseas; it became the first Indian film to be placed among the top 10 at the United Kingdom box-office.[21] In 2002, Mani Ratnam directed the critically acclaimed drama Kannathil Muthamittal, which was set against the backdrop of the Sri Lankan Civil War.[22] The commercial failure was the most successful film at the 50th National Film Awards, winning six honours including the award for the Best Feature Film in Tamil.[23][24] He returned to Bollywood after a six-year hiatus with the political drama Yuva (2004); the project was simultaneously filmed in Tamil as Aayutha Ezhuthu with a different cast.[25] His next release was the biographical film Guru (2007), a film à clef inspired by the life of the industrialist Dhirubhai Ambani.[26][27] In 2010, Mani Ratnam worked on the Tamil-Hindi bilingual Raavanan/Raavan, which was based on the Indian epic Ramayana.[28] Three years later, he produced and directed the crime drama Kadal, a critical and box office failure.[29] This was followed by O Kadhal Kanmani (2015), a romantic drama about a cohabiting couple. The critically acclaimed film was his first commercial success in the 2010s.[30][31]
^Corliss, Richard (14 January 2010). "All-Time 100 Movies". Time. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
^Indian Cinema. Mumbai: Directorate of Film Festivals. 1991. p. 18.
^Ramachandran, Naman (2014). Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography. London: Penguin Books. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-81-8475-796-5. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017.
^Shiva Kumar, S (9 November 2012). "Leader for all times". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^Somaaya, Bhawana (2008). Fragmented Frames: Reflections of a Critic. New Delhi: Pustak Mahal. p. 278. ISBN 978-81-223-1016-0. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017.
^Ramnath, Nandini (8 February 2013). "Cinema Current: Mani Ratnam gestures hypnotically". Mint. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^Tejonmayam, U (7 October 2010). "'Nayagan' daughter planned to settle in US". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
^"A Brilliant Tribute To The Wonderful Kamal Haasan". The Times of India. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
^"India's Oscar failures". India Today. 16 February 2009. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
^"Happy Birthday Rajinikanth: How the superstar came to be". The Indian Express. 12 December 2015. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
^Ganti, Tejaswini (2004). Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema. New York City: Psychology Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-415-28854-5. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017.
^Chandara, Anupama (15 November 1995). "Audible success". India Today. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
^ abRai, Saritha (15 January 1995). "Falling in love with the 'Enemy'". India Today. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^"Will the dubbed 'Enthiran' work?". The New Indian Express. 7 September 2010. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
^Sivaswamy, Saisuresh (18 June 2010). "Vikram's Raavanan is better, as is Prithviraj's Dev". Rediff. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
^Biswas, Soutik (21 August 2014). "Why India loves to ban films". BBC. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^G. Tilak, Sudha; Jung Thapa, Vijay (15 April 1995). "Treading on a dangerous divide". India Today. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
^"Bombay: Interesting facts about the film". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
^Rangan 2012, pp. 164–165.
^Ahmed, Omar (2015). Studying Indian Cinema. Leighton Buzzard: Auteur Publishing. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-9932384-9-9. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017.
^Sattar, Miral (27 October 2010). "Dil Se – 1998". Time. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
^Prabhakar, Jyothi (26 August 2014). "Films with Sri Lankan connect run into trouble in TN". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
^Pillai, Sreedhar (4 September 2002). "Switching over to action". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^"50th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
^Ashraf, Syed Firdaus (19 May 2004). "'I am today's woman – very independent, very bindaas'". Rediff. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
^Bamzai, Kaveree (29 January 2007). "Polyester Perfect". India Today. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
^Ashraf, Syed Firdaus (6 November 2006). "Abhishek goes the Ambani way". Rediff. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
^Srivathsan, A. (11 July 2010). "Promises not kept". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
^Bhaskaran, Gautaman (13 February 2013). "Mani Ratnam's Kadal in trouble". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
^"Mani Ratnam's Tamil film 'O Kadhal Kanmani' mints over Rs.14 crore in 4 days of release". The Indian Express. 21 April 2015. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
^"'Kanchana 2', 'OK Kanmani' rock the box office this week". Daily News and Analysis. 22 April 2015. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
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