"Broken jaw" redirects here. For other uses, see Broken jaw (disambiguation).
Medical condition
Mandibular fracture
Other names
Mandible fracture, fracture of the jaw
3D computed tomographic image of a mandible fracture in two places. One is a displaced right angle fracture and the other is a left parasymphyseal fracture.
Specialty
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Symptoms
Decreased ability to open the mouth, teeth will not align properly, bleeding of the gums[1]
Usual onset
Males in their 30s[1]
Causes
Trauma, osteonecrosis, tumors[1]
Diagnostic method
Plain X-ray, Panorex, CT scan[1]
Treatment
Surgery within a few days[1]
Mandibular fracture, also known as fracture of the jaw, is a break through the mandibular bone. In about 60% of cases the break occurs in two places.[1] It may result in a decreased ability to fully open the mouth.[1] Often the teeth will not feel properly aligned or there may be bleeding of the gums.[1] Mandibular fractures occur most commonly among males in their 30s.[1]
Mandibular fractures are typically the result of trauma.[1] This can include a fall onto the chin or a hit from the side.[1] Rarely they may be due to osteonecrosis or tumors in the bone.[1] The most common area of fracture is at the condyle (36%), body (21%), angle (20%) and symphysis (14%).[1] Rarely the fracture may occur at the ramus (3%) or coronoid process (2%). While a diagnosis can occasionally be made with plain X-ray, modern CT scans are more accurate.[1]
Immediate surgery is not necessarily required.[1] Occasionally people may go home and follow up for surgery in the next few days.[1] A number of surgical techniques may be used including maxillomandibular fixation and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).[2][1] People are often put on antibiotics such as penicillin for a brief period of time.[3][1] The evidence to support this practice; however, is poor.[4]
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrMurray, JM (May 2013). "Mandible fractures and dental trauma". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 31 (2): 553–73. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2013.02.002. PMID 23601489.
^Al-Moraissi, EA; Ellis E, 3rd (March 2015). "Surgical treatment of adult mandibular condylar fractures provides better outcomes than closed treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 73 (3): 482–93. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2014.09.027. PMID 25577459.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Shridharani, SM; Berli, J; Manson, PN; Tufaro, AP; Rodriguez, ED (September 2015). "The Role of Postoperative Antibiotics in Mandible Fractures: A Systematic Review of the Literature". Annals of Plastic Surgery. 75 (3): 353–7. doi:10.1097/sap.0000000000000135. PMID 24691320. S2CID 31089018.
^Kyzas, PA (April 2011). "Use of antibiotics in the treatment of mandible fractures: a systematic review". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 69 (4): 1129–45. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2010.02.059. PMID 20727642.
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