The Mandelin reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of ammonium metavanadate and concentrated sulfuric acid. Its primary use is for the detection of ketamine and PMA[1] Unlike the most common reagent test chemicals, it has a deep red colour that changes to yellow if there is no alkaloid, which occurs within about 48 hours of mixing.[2]
The United States Department of Justice method for producing the reagent is the addition of 100 mL of concentrated (95–98%) sulfuric acid to 0.5[3]-1 g of ammonium metavanadate.[4]
This reagent was invented by the German pharmacologist, Karl Friedrich Mandelin (1854–1906) at the University of Dorpat.
Final colors produced by Mandelin reagent with various substances[4]
Substance
Color
2C-T-7
Wine dark to Black[5]
Acetaminophen
Moderate olive
Benzphetamine
Brilliant yellow green
Chlorpromazine
Dark olive
Cocaine
Deep orange yellow
Codeine
Dark olive
d-Amphetamine
Moderate bluish green
d-Methamphetamine
Dark yellowish green
Diacetylmorphine (Heroin)
Moderate reddish brown
Dimethoxymethamphetamine
Dark olive brown
Doxepin
Very reddish brown
Dristan
Greyish olive
Exedrine
Dark olive
Ketamine
Deep reddish orange[1]
Mace
Moderate olive green
MDA
Bluish black[6]
MDMA
Bluish black[6]
Mescaline
Dark yellowish brown
Methadone
Dark greyish blue
Methaqualone
Very orange yellow
Methylphenidate
Brilliant orange yellow
Morphine
Dark greyish reddish brown
Opium
Olive black
Oxycodone
Dark greenish yellow
Procaine
Deep orange
Propoxyphene
Dark reddish brown
Psilocybin
Green [7]
Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA)
Reddish brown [1]
Paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA)
Reddish brown [1]
Salt (NaCl-HCl)
Strong orange
^ abcd"Mandelin EZ Testing Kit". EZ Test. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
^"Reagent Tests UK - Mandelin reagent". Reagent Tests UK. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
^Poe, Charles F.; O'Day, David W. (2006). "A study of Mandelin's test for strychnine". Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 19 (12): 1292. doi:10.1002/jps.3080191206.
^ ab"Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse" (PDF). Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program. July 2000. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
^"2-C-T-7 Mandelin". Reagent Base.
^ ab"Dancesafe Mandelin Reagent". Dancesafe. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
^Mahmood, Zafar Alam (2013). "Bioactive Alkaloids from Fungi: Psilocybin". Natural Products: Phytochemistry, Botany and Metabolism of Alkaloids, Phenolics and Terpenes. Springer-Verlag. pp. 523–552. ISBN 978-3-642-22143-9.
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