Global InformationManchester information
Manchester | |
|---|---|
City and metropolitan borough | |
| |
 Coat of arms  Worker bee[1] | |
Nicknames:
| |
| Motto(s): Latin: Concilio Et Labore, lit. 'By Counsel and Work'[2] | |
 Manchester shown within Greater Manchester | |
  Manchester Location within England  Manchester Location within the United Kingdom  Manchester Location in Europe | |
| Coordinates: 53°28′44″N 2°14′43″W / 53.4790°N 2.2452°W[3] | |
| OS grid reference | SJ 8381 9805[3] |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Country | England |
| Region | North West |
| City region and ceremonial county | Greater Manchester |
| Historic counties |
|
| Founded | 1st century AD |
| Town charter | 1301 |
| City status | 29 March 1853 |
| Administrative HQ | Manchester Town Hall |
| Government [4] | |
| • Type | Metropolitan borough with leader and cabinet |
| • Body | Manchester City Council |
| • Control | Labour |
| • Leader | Bev Craig (L) |
| • Lord Mayor | Yasmine Dar |
| • Chief Executive | Joanne Roney |
| • House of Commons | 5 MPs
|
| Area [5] | |
| • Total | 45 sq mi (116 km2) |
| • Rank | 181st |
| Population (2022)[6] | |
| • Total | 568,996 |
| • Rank | 6th |
| • Density | 12,700/sq mi (4,920/km2) |
| Demonyms |
|
| Ethnicity (2021) [7] | |
| • Ethnic groups | List
|
| Religion (2021) [7] | |
| • Religion | List
|
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (BST) |
| Postcode area |
|
| Dialling code | 0161 |
| ISO 3166 code | GB-MAN |
| GSS code | E08000003 |
| ITL code | TLD33 |
| GVA | 2021 estimate[8] |
| • Total | £26.5 billion |
| • Per capita | £48,107 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate[8] |
| • Total | £28.2 billion |
| • Per capita | £51,330 |
| Website | manchester |
Manchester (/ˈmæntʃɪstər, -tʃɛs-/ ⓘ)[9][10] is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, which had a population of 552,000 at the 2021 census.[7] It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The city borders the boroughs of Trafford, Stockport, Tameside, Oldham, Rochdale, Bury and Salford.
The history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort (castra) of Mamucium or Mancunium, established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Throughout the Middle Ages, Manchester remained a manorial township but began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution[11] and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city.[12] Historically part of Lancashire, areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated into Manchester in the 20th century, including Wythenshawe in 1931. Manchester achieved city status in 1853. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and linking the city to the Irish Sea, 36 miles (58 km) to the west. The city's fortune declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation, and the IRA bombing in 1996 led to extensive investment and regeneration.[13] Following considerable redevelopment, Manchester was the host city for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
The city is notable for its architecture, culture, musical exports, media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station is the world's oldest surviving inter-city passenger railway station.[14] At the University of Manchester, Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917; Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill developed the world's first stored-program computer in 1948; and Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov first isolated graphene in 2004.
Manchester has a large urban sprawl, which forms from the city centre into the other neighbouring authorities; these include The Four Heatons, Failsworth, Prestwich, Stretford, Sale, Droylsden, Old Trafford and Reddish. The city is also contiguous with Salford and its borough but is separated from it by the River Irwell. This urban area is cut off by the M60, also known as the Manchester Outer Ring Road, which runs in a circular around the city and these areas. It joins the M62 to the north-east and the M602 to the west, as well as the East Lancashire Road and A6.
- ^ Naylor, Tony (24 May 2017). "'Peaceful but not to be messed with' – how the bee came to symbolise Manchester". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "The antelope, the lion and the bees". BBC. 11 February 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ^ a b "Manchester, North West". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
- ^ "Councillors and decision-making". Manchester City Council. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ a b c UK Census (2021). "2021 Census Area Profile – Manchester Local Authority (E08000003)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ a b Fenton, Trevor (25 April 2023). "Regional gross domestic product: city regions". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
- ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180
- ^ Roach, Peter (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521152532
- ^ Aspin, Chris (1981). The Cotton Industry. Shire Publications Ltd. p. 3. ISBN 0-85263-545-1.
- ^ Kidd, Alan (2006). Manchester: A History. Lancaster: Carnegie Publishing. ISBN 1-85936-128-5.
• Frangopulo, Nicholas (1977). Tradition in Action. The historical evolution of the Greater Manchester County. Wakefield: EP Publishing. ISBN 0-7158-1203-3.
• "Manchester – the first industrial city". sciencemuseum.org. Science Museum. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012. - ^ Williams, Jennifer (15 June 2016). "Recap: The IRA bomb in Manchester... what happened on June 15, 1996". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016.
- ^ "About us". Science and Industry Museum. 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.