The Mallophaga are a possibly paraphyletic[1] section of lice, known as chewing lice, biting lice, or bird lice, containing more than 3000 species. These lice are external parasites that feed mainly on birds, although some species also feed on mammals. They infest both domestic and wild mammals and birds, and cause considerable irritation to their hosts.[2] They have paurometabolis or incomplete metamorphosis.[3][4]
^Smith V. "Phthiraptera.info". International Society of Phthirapterists. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
^D.E. Bay & R.L. Harris (1988). Introduction to Veterinary Entomology (A Guide to Livestock Insects). [ [Robert Harris Publisher] ]. ISBN 978-0-9624083-0-4.
^Frank N. Young & Gene Kritsky (2002). "The Hemipteroidea". A Survey of Entomology. iUniverse. pp. 178–191. ISBN 978-0-595-22143-1.
^Cyrus Abivardi (2001). "Destructive and useful insects". Iranian Entomology: an Introduction. Springer. pp. 563–902. ISBN 978-3-540-67592-1.
The Mallophaga are a possibly paraphyletic section of lice, known as chewing lice, biting lice, or bird lice, containing more than 3000 species. These...
(Holometabola). The molecular finding that the traditional louse orders Mallophaga and Anoplura are within Psocoptera has led to the new taxon Psocodea....
": 279 Prior to petitioning the ICZN, Hopkins asked other experts in Mallophaga for their opinion on this matter. He received support from W. Büttiker...
had an unusually close relationship. She became the world's expert on Mallophaga, or chewing lice; however, her work is cast into question by her suspected...
(Aptericola) for species found on Apterygidae (kiwis). Harrison's 1916 list of Mallophaga species recognized sixteen valid species in Rallicola, one in Parricola...
which are able to take nesting adults as well. A species of biting louse (Mallophaga) described as Rostrinirmus hudeci was isolated and described in 1981 from...
Earlier all chewing lice were considered to form the paraphyletic order Mallophaga while the sucking lice were thought to form the order Anoplura. Recent...
lice (Anoplura) and the chewing lice (Mallophaga); however, subsequent classifications suggest that the Mallophaga are paraphyletic and four suborders were...
Soc. 89 (2): 247–248. Emerson KC, Ward RA (1958). "Notes on Philippine Mallophaga. I. Species from Ciconiiformes, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes...
Price, Roger D. & James R. Beer (1963). "The Species of Colpocephalum (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) Known to Occur on the Strigiformes" (PDF). Journal of the...
1.105-133. Price, R. D. (1974). "A Review of the Genus Pseudomenopon (Mallophaga: Menoponidae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 67 (1):...
the Linnean Society 138(1): 39–82. Ash, J. S. (1960). "A study of the Mallophaga of birds with particular reference to their ecology". Ibis 102(1): 93–110...
R. L. C. & Palma, R. L. (1982): A list of the chewing lice (Insecta: Mallophaga) from birds in New Zealand. Notornis 29(Supplement): 1-33. PDF fulltext...
Price, Roger D. (1973): Three new Oriental and New Guinean Degeeriella (Mallophaga: Philopteridae). Pacific Insects 15(1) : 95-101. PDF fulltext Grimmett...
Bulgaria". Vestnik Zoologii. 3: 3–7. Kellogg, V. L.; Paine, J. H. (1914). "Mallophaga from birds (mostly Corvidae and Phasianidae) of India and neighbouring...
Martin-Mateo, M. P.; Gallego, J. (1992). "Redescription of two species of Mallophaga (Insecta) parasites on Sagittarius serpentarius (Miller) (Aves)". Journal...
57 (1): 221–222. Price, R. D.; Beer J. R. (1965). "The Colpocephalum (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Ciconiiformes" (PDF). Annals of the Entomological...
Florido-Navio, A M (1984). "Description de deux nouvelles espèces de Mallophaga parasites de Sylvia atricapilla" (PDF). Cahiers ORSTOM, Entomologie Médicale...
(link)[full citation needed] Ash, [deficient citation] (1960). "A study of the mallophaga of birds with particular reference to their ecology". Ibis. 102: 93–110...
Wiseman, J. S. (1968). "A Previously Undescribed Species of Menacanthus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from Bobwhite Quail". Journal of the Kansas Entomological...
(3): 125–6. S2CID 88560858. Klockenhoff, H.F. (1980). "Myrsidea karyi (Mallophaga: Menoponidae), a new species from Corvus orru (Passeriformes: Corvidae)"...
been recovered from under the skin. Two species of the louse suborder Mallophaga, Plegadiphilus eudocimus and Ardeicola robusta, also parasitise the bird...
owls relative to other owls. Invertebrates such as hippoboscid flies and Mallophaga are known to infect barred owls as ectoparasites but seldom at severe...
Steenstrupia. 29 (1): 49–73. Uchida, Seinosuke (1926). "Studies on Amblycerous Mallophaga of Japan" (PDF). Journal of the College of Agriculture, Imperial University...
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