Madonna at the Fountain (1439), oil on panel, 19 x 12 cm (7.5 x 4.75 in). Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerp.
The Madonna at the Fountain[1] is a 1439 oil on panel painting by the early Netherlandish artist Jan van Eyck. It belongs to van Eyck's late work, and is his last signed and dated painting. It retains its original frame, which bears the inscription; "ALS IXH CAN", "JOHES DE EYCK ME FECIT + [COM]PLEVIT ANNO 1439
At 19 x 12 cm. the painting is only a little larger than a postcard. It is set in a hortus conclusus, with the fountain representing the fountain of life.[2] The Madonna is depicted dressed in blue, her figure framed by a richly embroidered cloth of honor supported by two angels. The Christ Child holds prayer beads in his left hand, suggesting, along with the rose bush behind the figures, the rosary.[2] In the mid to late 15th century the rosary was becoming increasingly popular in northern Europe.[2]
This depiction is unusual in that the Madonna wears a blue robe; in the Dresden Triptych, Lucca Madonna, and the Madonna of Chancellor Rolin, van Eyck had depicted her dressed in red. The use of red for the clothes of sacred figures was characteristic of 15th century Netherlandish painting, as cochineal was among the most expensive pigments available for dying textiles. In contrast to this, Italian painters used ultramarine for the robes of Madonnas.[3] Thus van Eyck's choice of blue can be seen as evidence of Italian influence.
^The title is descriptive; the painting was not titled by Jan van Eyck himself. Thus it varies from Virgin with Child at a Fountain (Harbison) to Madonna by the Fountain (Snyder), etc. This article uses the title employed by the holding institution, the Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerp.
^ abcSnyder 99
^Bruns 154-155
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