Machiavellianism in the workplace is a concept studied by many organizational psychologists. Conceptualized originally by Richard Christie and Florence Geis, Machiavellianism refers to a psychological trait concept where individuals behave in a cold and duplicitous manner.[1][2] It has in recent times been adapted and applied to the context of the workplace and organizations by many writers and academics.
Oliver James wrote on the effects of Machiavellianism and other dark triad personality traits in the workplace, the others being narcissism and psychopathy.[3]
A new model of Machiavellianism based in organizational settings consists of three factors:[4]
maintaining power
harsh management tactics
manipulative behaviors.
Examples of behaviors that individuals high in Machiavellianism may do include:[5]
Theft (tangible or intangible)
Lying/Deceit
Sabotage
Cheating (passive or active)
High Machs can exhibit high levels of charisma, and their leadership can be beneficial in some areas.[6]
The presence of Machiavellianism in an organization has been positively correlated with counterproductive workplace behaviour and workplace deviance.[4]
The origin of Machiavellianism entering the workplace can be tied to multiple factors, such as distrust towards others, pessimism, survival/self-protection tactics, or even the gender of involved parties.[7]
^Christie, Richard; Geis, Florence L. (2013-10-22). Studies in Machiavellianism. Academic Press. ISBN 9781483260600.
^Calhoon, Richard P. (1969-06-01). "Niccolo Machiavelli and the Twentieth Century Administrator". Academy of Management Journal. 12 (2): 205–212. doi:10.5465/254816. ISSN 0001-4273.
^James O Office Politics: How to Thrive in a World of Lying, Backstabbing and Dirty Tricks (2013)
^ abKessler, SR; Bandeiii, AC; Spector, PE; Borman, WC; Nelson, CE; and Penney, LM 2010. Reexamining Machiavelli: A three dimensional model of Machiavellianism in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40, 1868–1896
^Dahling, Jason J.; & Kuyumcu, Daniel (January 2012). "Machiavellianism, unethical behavior, and well-being in organizational life".
^"ScienceDirect". The Leadership Quarterly. 12 (3): 339–363. September 2001. doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(01)00082-0.
^Ináncsi, Tamás; Pilinszki, Attila; Paál, Tünde; Láng, András (2018-11-30). "Perceptions of Close Relationship Through the Machiavellians´ Dark Glasses: Negativity, Distrust, Self-Protection Against Risk and Dissatisfaction". Europe's Journal of Psychology. 14 (4): 806–830. doi:10.5964/ejop.v14i4.1550. ISSN 1841-0413. PMC 6266533. PMID 30555587.
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