First page of the Yingya Shenglan (1451) by Ma Huan, as collected in the Jilu Huibian (1617)
Ma Huan (simplified Chinese: 马欢; traditional Chinese: 馬歡; pinyin: Mǎ Huān, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺧُﻮًا) (c. 1380–1460[1]), courtesy name Zongdao (Chinese: 宗道; pinyin: Zōngdào), pen name Mountain-woodcutter (會稽山樵), was a Chinese explorer, translator, and travel writer who accompanied Admiral Zheng He on three of his seven expeditions to the Western Oceans. Ma was a Muslim and was born in Zhejiang's Kuaiji Commandery, an area within the modern borders of Shaoxing. He knew several Classical Chinese and Buddhist texts. He learned Arabic to be able to translate.[2]
^Forbes, A.D.W. (1983), "Ma Huan", in Bosworth, C.E. (ed.), The Encyclopaedia of Islam, E.J. Brill, pp. 849–850, ISBN 90-04-07164-4
^Sir H. A. R. Gibb (1954). Encyclopedia of Islam, Volumes 1–5. Brill Archive. p. 849. ISBN 90-04-07164-4. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
during his visit to Majapahit between 1405 and 1432. Zheng He's translator MaHuan wrote a detailed description of Majapahit and where the king of Java lived...
MaHuan and published in 1451, is a book about the countries visited by the Chinese over the course of the Ming treasure voyages led by Zheng He. Ma Huan...
of the Ocean Shores (瀛涯勝覽, Yíngyá Shènglǎn), composed by the translator MaHuan in 1416, gives very detailed accounts of his observations of people's customs...
addition to accounts written by Zheng's officers, such as Yingya Shenglan by MaHuan and Xingcha Shenglan by Fei Xin. It is the earliest known Chinese map to...
afterword of the Yingya Shenglan that MaHuan and Guo Chongli had visited Mecca (Mills 1970, 35–36 & 41–42), (3) MaHuan wrote in his foreword that he spoke...
documented references to Kochi occur in books written by Chinese voyager MaHuan during his visit to Kochi in the 15th century as part of Admiral Zheng...
third voyage, Zheng also visited Malacca. His companion and translator, MaHuan, described Malacca in his Yingya Shenglan. Formerly part of Thailand, Malacca...
this expedition comes from the book of one of its participants, MaHuan. In 1451, MaHuan described Sonargaon as a fortified walled city, with a royal court...
relations with Ming China and the Golden Horde, with Chinese diplomats like MaHuan and Chen Cheng regularly traveling west to Samarkand to buy and sell goods...
settlements, together with Tuban, Gresik, and Hujung Galuh (Sidoarjo). MaHuan documented the early 15th-century visit of Zheng He's treasure ships in...
former Majapahit palace. In the 15th century, a Chinese Hui voyager named MaHuan visited East Java. He then wrote the book Yingya Shenglan, which tells...
of the Malacca entrepôt was then recorded by the first Chinese visitor, MaHuan, who travelled together with Admiral Zheng He. On his descriptions, he...
documented references to Kochi occur in the books written by Chinese voyager MaHuan, during his visit to Kochi in the 15th century as part of the treasure...
culture. In Yingya Shenglan—a record about Zheng He's expedition (1405–1433)—MaHuan describes that all men in Majapahit, from the king to commoners, from a...
ISBN 9787114002298. MaHuan (1970). J.V.G. Mills (ed.). Ying-Yai Sheng-Lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores'. p. 258. ISBN 9780521010320. MaHuan (1970)...
port of Aden. This event was recorded in the book Yingyai Shenglan by MaHuan who accompanied the imperial envoy. In 1513, the Portuguese, led by Afonso...
whole freightage of such vessels put here and fit out others like them". MaHuan (1403), the Chinese sailor part of the Imperial Chinese fleet under Cheng...
shores' (1433) a written account by Zheng He's chronicler and translator MaHuan: "the main states of the northern part of Sumatra were already Islamic...
shipping links to China, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. In 1406, MaHuan found Sonargaon as a large metropolis. Other Chinese envoys provided descriptions...
not even qualifying as a polity prior to the voyages according to both MaHuan and Fei Xin, and was a vassal region of Siam. In 1405, the Ming court dispatched...
J.V.G. Mills, in a note to a translation of a Ming dynasty account by MaHuan concerning Chinese voyages at that time, suggested that if, of the many...
like MaHuan or Zheng He himself. Fei Xin did conclude his book with the description of Mecca, but this may have been just an emulation of MaHuan's book's...
(and last) visit to Java in 1433, he invited his scribe named MaHuan. According to MaHuan, the Chinese and the Arab population of the cities on the northern...
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