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The Lupemban is the name given by archaeologists to a central African culture which, though once thought to date between c. 30,000 and 12,000 BC, is now generally recognised to be far older (dates of c. 300,000 have been obtained from Twin Rivers, Zambia and Muguruk, Kenya, respectively). The industry is characterised by the occurrence of bi-facially flaked lanceolate points. It has been postulated that Lupemban tools, being generally distributed within the modern day Congo forest belt, may have been adapted to woodworking. The lanceolate points are commonly interpreted as being the surviving elements of composite spears.[1][2]
Activity sites include: Kalambo Falls and Dundo.
^Desmond Clark, J.; Cormack, Julie; Chin, Susan (13 September 2001). Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site: Volume 3, The Earlier Cultures: Middle and ... - J. Desmond Clark, Julie Cormack, Susan Chin - Google Books. ISBN 9780521200714. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
^"Stone tools have been used as cognitive/chronological, cultural/ethnic, and functional/environmental indicators in African prehistory" (PDF). Antiquityofman.com. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
The Lupemban is the name given by archaeologists to a central African culture which, though once thought to date between c. 30,000 and 12,000 BC, is now...
conditions at the time the tools were deposited in the various sites. The Lupemban industry has been found in similar environments and may be more closely...
phase of the Sangoan, beginning about 50,000 years ago, followed by Lupembanculture, from about 30,000 to 12,000 years ago (also known as "Second Intermediate"...
Magdalenian periods in France and Spain, the crude bifacial pieces of the Lupembanculture (9000 B.C.) or the pyriform tools found near Sagua La Grande in Cuba...
at Kalambo Falls, known as Lupemban industries. Evidence suggests that the Sangoan tradition was replaced by the Lupemban industry around 250,000 years...
ka ago, the younger hosrizons showed artefacts that were related to the Lupemban Nubian Complex assemblages with examples of red and yellow ochre that may...
others have not been dated or have been dated unreliably; these include the Lupemban technocomplex of central Africa, the Bambatan in southeast Africa, 70–80ka...
now considered to be a facies of Acheulean, while Sangoan is a facies of Lupemban. Magosian is "an artificial mix of two different periods". Once seriously...
at archaeological sites around the falls, as well as Sangoan tools and Lupemban artefacts dating to the Middle Stone Age. Early Iron Age pottery was excavated...
problems of dating, but it is usually assumed that the sites, 'Sangoan' or 'Lupemban' are >40,000 years old (the usual limit of radio-carbon dating)." Bahuchet...
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