2 January 1959, 16:41:21 (1959-01-02UTC16:41:21Z) UTC[1]
Rocket
Luna 8K72
Launch site
Baikonur, Site 1/5
End of mission
Last contact
5 January 1959
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Heliocentric
Semi-major axis
1.146 AU
Eccentricity
0.14767
Perihelion altitude
0.9766 AU
Aphelion altitude
1.315 AU
Inclination
0.01°
Period
450 days
Epoch
1 January 1959, 19:00:00 GMT[3]
Lunar flyby (failed impact)
Closest approach
4 January 1959
Distance
5,995 kilometres (3,725 mi)
Luna
← Luna E-1 No.3
Luna E-1A No.1 →
Luna 1, also known as Mechta (Russian: Мечта[mʲɪt͡ɕˈta], lit.: Dream), E-1 No.4 and First Lunar Rover,[4] was the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of Earth's Moon, the first spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, and the first to be placed in heliocentric orbit. Intended as a Moon impactor, Luna 1 was launched as part of the Soviet Luna programme in 1959.
A malfunction in the ground-based control system caused an error in the upper stage rocket's burn time, and the spacecraft missed the Moon by 5,900 km (more than three times the Moon's radius). Luna 1 became the first human-made object to reach heliocentric orbit and was dubbed "Artificial Planet 1"[5] and renamed Mechta (Dream).[6]Luna 1 was also referred to as the "First Cosmic Ship",[5] in reference to its achievement of Earth escape velocity.
^ abcdSiddiqi 2018, p. 11.
^ abCite error: The named reference nssdc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Luna 1 Launch and Trajectory Information". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
^Harvey 2007a, p. 26.
^ ab"Spacecraft - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. NASA. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
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