Detail of the Sumerian statue of Lugal-dalu, King of Adab β as stated in the inscription of circa mid-3rd millennium BC, inscription including the Sumerian cuneiform sign of lugal
Lugal (Sumerian: π) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man."[1] In Sumerian, lΓΊ "π½" is "man" and gal "π²" is "great", or "big."[2]
It was one of several Sumerian titles that a ruler of a city-state could bear (alongside en and ensi, the exact difference being a subject of debate). The sign eventually became the predominant logograph for "King" in general. In the Sumerian language, lugal is used to mean an owner (e.g. of a boat or a field) or a head (of a unit such as a family).[3]
As a cuneiform logograph (Sumerogram) LUGAL (Unicode: π, rendered in Neo Assyrian).
^Crawford, Harriet (29 August 2013). The Sumerian World. Routledge. p. 283. ISBN 978-1-136-21912-2.
^Mills, Watson E.; Roger Aubrey Bullard (1990). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press. p. 975. ISBN 978-0-86554-373-7.
^Westenholz, Aage (2002), Hansen, Morgens Herman (ed.), "The Sumerian city-state: A comparative study of six city-state cultures: an investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Center", Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter (27), Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 23-42.: 34β35
SIGN LUGAL OVER LUGAL, and U+12219 π CUNEIFORM SIGN LUGAL OPPOSING LUGAL. There are different theories regarding the meaning of the title lugal in 3rd-millennium...
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