This article is about the lords of Milan (1259–1395). For the dukes of Milan (1395–1814), see list of dukes of Milan.
Flag of the Lordship of Milan
The Lord of Milan was a medieval noble title for the dynastic head of state of the city of Milan and surrounding countryside in northern Italy. From 1277 to 1395, the Visconti family held the title, after which they were elevated to Duke of Milan.
Until 1259, Milan was a free commune that elected its own podestà. The Torriani family gained sustained power in 1240, when Pagano della Torre [it] was elected podestà.[1] After Pagano's death, Baldo Ghiringhelli was elected podestà in 1259, but at the end of his tenure Martino della Torre, Pagano's nephew, perpetrated a coup d'état, seizing power for his family and establishing the first Signoria ('Lordship') of Milan.[2]
During their tenure, the Torriani family, aligned with the French Charles of Anjou (the Guelph faction), began a strong rivalry with the Visconti family, who were aligned with the German Hohenstaufen (the Ghibelline faction).[3] In 1262, Pope Urban IV appointed Ottone Visconti as Archbishop of Milan, to Martino della Torre's disappointment.[4] In 1273, a civil war started between the two families, ending with the Torriani's defeat in the Battle of Desio of 1277, which the Visconti subsequently commemorated with frescoes in the Castle of Angera.[5]
Signore
Rule
Affiliation
Podestà(s)
Ottone Visconti
21 January 1277
8 August 1295
Ghibelline
Captain general:
William VII of Montferrat (1278–81)
Matteo I Visconti (1287–95)
List
1st half 1277: Ponzio degli Amati
2nd half 1277: Aldobrandino Tangentino, Riccardo di Langosco
1st half 1278: Alberto Fontana
2nd half 1278: Raniero Zen
1st half 1279: Antonio da Lomello
2nd half 1279: Lotterio Rusconi
1st half 1280: Gabrino da Tresseno
2nd half 1280: Tommaso degli Avvocati, Giovanni da Lucino
1st half 1281: Tommaso degli Avvocati, Federico Tornielli
2nd half 1281: Uberto Beccaria
1st half 1282: Rufino Gotoario, Galoteffio da Cesena
2nd half 1282: Giovanni del Poggio
1st half 1283: Uberto Beccaria
2nd half 1283: Jacopo Sommariva
1st half 1284: Baldovino degli Ugoni
2nd half 1284: Guglielmo Rossi
1st half 1285: Alberto Confalonieri
2nd half 1285: Boezio da Lavello
1st half 1286: Ugolino Rossi
2nd half 1286: Pietro Rusconi
1287: Ruffiniano Beccaria
1st half 1288: Matteo Visconti
2nd half 1288: Jacopo de Jacopi
1st half 1289: Uberto Beccaria
2nd half 1289: Baldovino degli Ugoni
1st half 1290: Baldovino degli Ugoni, Bernardino da Polenta
2nd half 1290: Matteo Visconti
1st half 1291: Uberto Guasco
2nd half 1291: Niccolò Merlano
1st half 1292: Antonio Gallizi
2nd half 1292: Rolando Scotti
1293: Amighetto da Martinengo
1st half 1294: Matteo de Maggi
2nd half 1294: Zaccaria Salimbeni
1295: Enrico Tangentino
Matteo I Visconti
8 August 1295
June 1302
Ghibelline
List
1296: Zanazio Salimbene
1st half 1297: Corrado Gambara
2nd half 1297: Fulcieri di Calboli
1st half 1298: Tommaso Rangoni
2nd half 1298: Jacopo del Cassero
1st half 1299: Bisaccia Riccardi
2nd half 1299: Federico Sommariva
1st half 1300: Guelfo Filodoni
2nd half 1300: Federico Sommariva
1301: Bracco Guinizelli
1302: Bernardino da Polenta
In June 1302, Guido della Torre forged a coalition with anti-Visconti cities and marched on Milan, deposing the Visconti.[6] However, in 1308 Guido quarrelled with his cousin, the Archbishop Cassone della Torre. After an assault on Milan Cathedral, Cassone fled to Bologna and solicited an imperial intervention.[7] Taking advantage of a chaotic situation in Northern Italy, King Henry VII of Germany invaded Italy, and in Autumn 1310 he marched on Milan to restore both Cassone and the Visconti. After the fall of Milan, he was crowned King of Italy in the city's Cathedral.[8]
Signore
Rule
Affiliation
Podestà(s)
Guido della Torre
June 1302
6 January 1311
Guelph
List
1303: Antonio Fissiraga
1st half 1304: Anselmo da Palestro
2nd half 1304 – 1st half 1305: Federico Ponzoni
2nd half 1305: Riccardo Langosco
1st half 1306: Francesco degli Avvocati
2nd half 1306: Guido dei Roberti
1st half 1307: Arnolfo Fissiraga
2nd half 1307: Jacopo Cavalcabò
1308: Matteo del Pallio
1309: Tignacca Paravicino
1310: Ghislerio
Matteo I Visconti
6 January 1311
24 June 1322
Ghibelline
List
1311-March 1312: Ugolino da Sesso
March 1312-April 1312: Ziliolo Allegri
April 1312-September 1312: Azzone Malaspina
September 1312-January 1314: Giannazzo Salimbene
January 1314 – July 1314: Guidone Pignoli
July 1314 – October 1314: Scoto di San Gimignano
October 1314 – April 1315: Spinetta Malaspina
April 1315 – October 1316: Giacomo da Peschiera
October 1315 – January 1316: Ruggero Servadei
May 1316 – November 1316: Jacopino da Cornazzano
November 1316 – June 1317: Bonifacio da Alice
June 1317 – December 1317: Gualtieri di Corte
December 1317: Azorino Malaspina
1318: Enrico dei Petrioli
1319: Bonifacio da Cavriago
1320: Paolo Aldigheri
1321: Giacomino da Iseo
March 1322 – October 1322: Lanfranco Cavalazzi
Galeazzo I Visconti
24 June 1322
6 August 1328
Ghibelline
List
October 1322: Giovanni Lanfranchi
November 1322 – December 1322: Ravizza Rusconi
January 1323 – February 1323: Alessandro da Bologna
February 1323 – September 1323: Calzino Tornielli
September 1323 – December 1323: Giacomo Rusconi
1324 – June 1325: Viscontello da Binasco
June 1325 – October 1325: Ottorino Mostardi
October 1325 – July 1326: Beccario Beccaria
July 1326 – December 1326: Gorzera Bonaccorsi
1327–1328: Gozio di Guiderchusen
Azzone Visconti
6 August 1328
16 August 1339
Ghibelline
List
1329-April 1330: Guiscardo Lancia
April 1330 – December 1330: Ugolino da Lucino
1331: Lanfranco Cavalazzi
1st half 1332: Lanfranco Tentone
2nd half 1332: Zanotto Fieschi
1333: Giovanni del Mangano
1334: Mirano Beccaria
December 1334 – May 1338: Orso Giustiniani
May 1338 – May 1339: Isnardo Colleoni
Luchino Visconti
16 August 1339
24 January 1349
Ghibelline
List
May 1339 – June 1340: Giovanni Besacci
June 1340 – July 1341: Francesco Malaspina
July 1341 – July 1342: Alberto Rusconi
July 1342 – 13??: Goffredo da Sesso
Giovanni Visconti
5 October 1354
Matteo II Visconti
5 October 1354
29 September 1355
Ghibelline
List
1356: Lotario Rusconi
1362: Bernardino Bolghero
1372: Giberto da Correggio
1373: Lotario Rusconi
1385: Carlo Zen
Galeazzo II Visconti
4 August 1378
Bernabò Visconti
6 May 1385
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
6 May 1385
5 September 1395
Ghibelline
List
1390: Prandeparte Pico della Mirandola
May 1392 – May 1393: Giberto da Correggio
May 1393 – June 1394: Enrico Rivola
June 1394 – March 1396: Spinetta Spinola
^Motta, Antonio (1931). "Della Torre". Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian). Treccani.
^Fantoni, Giuliana L. (1989). "Della Torre, Martino". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 37. Treccani.
^Gallavresi, Giuseppe (1906). La riscossa dei guelfi in Lombardia dopo il 1260 e la politica di Filippo della Torre (in Italian). Vol. 6. Arch. stor. lombardo, 4th section.
^Richard, Charles-Louis; Giraud, Jean-Joseph (1822). Méquignon Fils Ainé (ed.). Bibliothèque sacrée, ou, Dictionnaire universel [...] des sciences ecclésiastiques (in French). Vol. 13. p. 301.
^Pagnoni, Fabrizio (2023). "Episcopal Lordship and Political Powers in Northern Italy (Thirteenth–Fifteenth Century)". In Antonetti, Antonio; Riccardo Berardi (eds.). The Various Models of Lordship in Europe between the Ninth and Fifteenth Centuries. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. p. 295. ISBN 978-1-5275-2908-3.
^Caso, Anna (1989). "Della Tórre, Guido". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 37. Treccani.
^Fantoni, Giuliana L. (1989). "Della Torre, Cassone". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 37. Treccani.
^Jones, Michael (2000). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. 6. Cambridge University Press. p. 533.
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