This article is about Lonchocarpus Kunth 1824. For Lonchocarpus Dunn 1911, see Millettia.
Lonchocarpus
Lonchocarpus sericeus, the type species of the genus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Eudicots
Clade:
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Clade:
Millettioids
Tribe:
Millettieae
Genus:
Lonchocarpus Kunth (1824)
Species
See list of Lonchocarpus species
Synonyms[1]
CapassaKlotzsch (1861)
Clompanus Aubl. (1775), nom. rej.
CyanobotrysZucc. (1845)
IcthyoctonumBoivin ex Baill. (1884)
Neuroscapha Tul. (1843)
Terua Standl. & F.J.Herm. (1949)
Willardia Rose (1891)
Lonchocarpus is a plant genus in the legume family (Fabaceae). It includes 166 species native to the tropical Americas, tropical Africa, and Madasgascar.[1] The species are called lancepods due to their fruit resembling an ornate lance tip or a few beads on a string.
Cubé resin is produced from the roots of L. urucu and namely ''L. utilis (cubé). It contains enough of the toxic rotenoids rotenone and deguelin to be used as an insecticide and piscicide. As these are naturally occurring compounds, they were formerly used in organic farming. Since it is highly unselective and kills useful, as well as pest, animals, it is considered harmful to the environment today. Also, chronic exposure to rotenone and deguelin appears to increase the risk of Parkinson's disease, even in mammals, for which these compounds are less immediately toxic than for fish and insects.[2] Deguelin might be useful in cancer therapy if it can be applied directly into tumors,[3] and Lonchocarpus root is used to a probably insignificant extent by indigenous peoples as an aid in fish stunning, e.g. by the Nukak who call it nuún.
The bark of L. violaceus (balché tree) is traditionally used by the Yukatek Maya version of the mildly intoxicating mead, balché, which was held in the highest esteem in antiquity and considered sacred to the god of intoxication. It is still drunk today and was, after the Spanish conquest of Yucatán, considered a less harmful alternative to the alcoholic beverages imported by the Europeans. It is not quite clear if roots were also used to produce balché, and to what extent toxic isoflavones are also present in L. violaceus. The potency of balché may be increased by using honey produced from L. violaceus nectar foraged by the Maya people's traditional stingless bees.
Certain insects have evolved the ability to deal with Lonchocarpus toxins and feed on these plants. They include a possible new Lepidopteran taxon in the two-barred flasher (Astraptes fulgerator) cryptic species complex which seems to have acquired this trait only quite recently in its evolutionary history and is known to be found on L. costaricensis and L. oliganthus.[4]
The type species is Lonchocarpus sericeus.[5]
^ abLonchocarpus Kunth. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
^Caboni et al. (2004)
^Udeani et al. (1997)
^Hébert et al. (2004), Brower et al. (2006)
^"Lonchocarpus - Genus Page - ISB: Atlas of Florida Plants". florida.plantatlas.usf.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
Lonchocarpus salvadorensis, the Sangre de Chucho, is a plant species in the genus Lonchocarpus. The rotenoids deguelin, rotenone, elliptone and α-toxicarol...
Lonchocarpus violaceus is a species of evergreen tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the Caribbean and northern South America. It has been introduced...
Lonchocarpus phaseolifolius is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Botanic...
Nicaragua. Its scientific name has also been spelt Lonchocarpus retiferus. Zamora, N.A. (2021). "Lonchocarpus retifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species...
it was renamed as Philenoptera violacea. Homotypic synonyms include Lonchocarpus violaceus by Daniel Olivier, 1872 and Derris violacea by Hermann Harms...
Lonchocarpus yoroensis is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Nelson, C. (1998). "Lonchocarpus...
Lonchocarpus urucu, or barbasco, is plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the tropical forests of Peru, as well as of Brazil and Guyana, growing...
Lonchocarpus molinae is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Honduras. Linares, J. (2021). "Lonchocarpus molinae". IUCN Red List...
Lonchocarpus minimiflorus is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua...
Lonchocarpus vallicola, synonym Terua vallicola, is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to Honduras. Linares, J. (2021). "Lonchocarpus...
Lonchocarpus sanctuarii is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Honduras, Mexico and San Salvador. Linares, J. (2021). "Lonchocarpus...
Lonchocarpus trifolius is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Honduras. Linares, J. (2021). "Lonchocarpus trifolius". IUCN Red...
Deguelia utilis, syn. Lonchocarpus utilis (cubé, (common) lancepod or barbasco) is a species of shrub in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the tropical...
Philenoptera laxiflora, synonym Lonchocarpus laxiflorus, is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. The tree grows to 4–8 meters in height, has grey...
Lonchocarpus pluvialis, commonly known as cuquí in the eastern Bolivian departments of Santa Cruz and the Beni to which it is endemic, is a species of...
Cubé plant or lancepod (Lonchocarpus utilis) – South America The root extract is referred to as cubé resin Barbasco (Lonchocarpus urucu) – South America...
Lonchocarpus phlebophyllus is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Botanic Gardens...
Lonchocarpus chiricanus is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Panama. Mitré, M. (1998). "Lonchocarpus chiricanus". IUCN Red...
Lonchocarpus calcaratus is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss. Mitré, M...
Philenoptera kanurii, synonym Lonchocarpus kanurii, is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Kenya and Somalia. It is threatened...
Lonchocarpus santarosanus, the chapelno blanco, is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in El Salvador and Guatemala. It is threatened...
haematoxylon, A. luederitzii, Boscia albitrunca, Terminalia sericea, Lonchocarpus nelsii, Bauhinia petersiana and Baphia massaiensis. Hardveld is a term...
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