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LogSumExp information


The LogSumExp (LSE) (also called RealSoftMax[1] or multivariable softplus) function is a smooth maximum – a smooth approximation to the maximum function, mainly used by machine learning algorithms.[2] It is defined as the logarithm of the sum of the exponentials of the arguments:

  1. ^ Zhang, Aston; Lipton, Zack; Li, Mu; Smola, Alex. "Dive into Deep Learning, Chapter 3 Exercises". www.d2l.ai. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  2. ^ Nielsen, Frank; Sun, Ke (2016). "Guaranteed bounds on the Kullback-Leibler divergence of univariate mixtures using piecewise log-sum-exp inequalities". Entropy. 18 (12): 442. arXiv:1606.05850. Bibcode:2016Entrp..18..442N. doi:10.3390/e18120442. S2CID 17259055.

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LogSumExp

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{\displaystyle \mathrm {LSE} (x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})=\log \left(\exp(x_{1})+\cdots +\exp(x_{n})\right).} The LogSumExp function domain is R n {\displaystyle \mathbb...

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Smooth maximum

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Boltzmann distribution. Another smooth maximum is LogSumExp: L S E α ( x 1 , … , x n ) = 1 α log ⁡ ∑ i = 1 n exp ⁡ α x i {\displaystyle \mathrm {LSE} _{\alpha...

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Softmax function

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\mathbb {R} ^{K},} where the LogSumExp function is defined as LSE ⁡ ( z 1 , … , z n ) = log ⁡ ( exp ⁡ ( z 1 ) + ⋯ + exp ⁡ ( z n ) ) {\displaystyle \operatorname...

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Logarithm

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(log multiplication), and takes addition to log addition (LogSumExp), giving an isomorphism of semirings between the probability semiring and the log semiring...

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Log semiring

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operation, logadd (for multiple terms, LogSumExp) can be viewed as a deformation of maximum or minimum. The log semiring has applications in mathematical...

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Exponential function

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function is a mathematical function denoted by f ( x ) = exp ⁡ ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)=\exp(x)} or e x {\displaystyle e^{x}} (where the argument x is...

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Negentropy

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function, in physics interpreted as free entropy) is the convex conjugate of LogSumExp (in physics interpreted as the free energy). In 1953, Léon Brillouin derived...

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Logistic function

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of max ( x 0 , x 1 ) {\displaystyle \max(x_{0},x_{1})} , specifically LogSumExp. Softplus thus generalizes as (note the 0 and the corresponding 1 for...

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Index of logarithm articles

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system Logarithmic scale Logarithmic spiral Logarithmic timeline Logit LogSumExp Mantissa is a disambiguation page; see common logarithm for the traditional...

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Exponential family

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n x ) exp ⁡ ( x log ⁡ ( p 1 − p ) + n log ⁡ ( 1 − p ) ) , {\displaystyle f(x)={n \choose x}\exp \left(x\log \left({\frac {p}{1-p}}\right)+n\log(1-p)\right)...

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Convex function

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{\displaystyle x=0.} LogSumExp function, also called softmax function, is a convex function. The function − log ⁡ det ( X ) {\displaystyle -\log \det(X)} on the...

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Divergence of the sum of the reciprocals of the primes

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instances of log(x) without a subscript base should be interpreted as a natural logarithm, also commonly written as ln(x) or loge(x). The sum of the reciprocals...

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Log probability

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log(x+x\cdot y/x)\\={}&\log(x+x\cdot \exp(\log(y/x)))\\={}&\log(x\cdot (1+\exp(\log(y)-\log(x))))\\={}&\log(x)+\log(1+\exp(\log(y)-\log(x)))\\={}&x'+\log...

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Natural logarithm

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with the meaning of expm1(x) = exp(x) − 1. An identity in terms of the inverse hyperbolic tangent, l o g 1 p ( x ) = log ⁡ ( 1 + x ) = 2   a r t a n h...

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Exponential distribution

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then log(X) ~ Exp(λ). If X ~ SkewLogistic(θ), then log ⁡ ( 1 + e − X ) ∼ Exp ⁡ ( θ ) {\displaystyle \log \left(1+e^{-X}\right)\sim \operatorname {Exp} (\theta...

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Riemann hypothesis

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(\sigma +it)|=\exp \Re \sum _{p^{n}}{\frac {p^{-n(\sigma +it)}}{n}}=\exp \sum _{p^{n}}{\frac {p^{-n\sigma }\cos(t\log p^{n})}{n}},} where the sum is over all...

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List of mathematical series

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p − 1 exp ⁡ ( 2 π i n 2 q p ) = e π i / 4 2 q ∑ n = 0 2 q − 1 exp ⁡ ( − π i n 2 p 2 q ) {\displaystyle \displaystyle {\dfrac {1}{\sqrt {p}}}\sum _{n=0}^{p-1}\exp...

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Poisson distribution

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m k = E [ X k ] ≤ ( k log ⁡ ( k / λ + 1 ) ) k ≤ λ k exp ⁡ ( k 2 2 λ ) . {\displaystyle m_{k}=E[X^{k}]\leq \left({\frac {k}{\log(k/\lambda +1)}}\right)^{k}\leq...

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Maximum likelihood estimation

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\sigma ^{2})=\left({\frac {1}{2\pi \sigma ^{2}}}\right)^{n/2}\exp \left(-{\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-\mu )^{2}}{2\sigma ^{2}}}\right).} This family...

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Normal distribution

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above for the sum of differences from the mean): p ( X ∣ μ , τ ) = ∏ i = 1 n τ 2 π exp ⁡ ( − 1 2 τ ( x i − μ ) 2 ) = ( τ 2 π ) n / 2 exp ⁡ ( − 1 2 τ ∑...

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Geometric mean

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as the arithmetic mean in logscale: exp ⁡ ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n ln ⁡ a i ) {\displaystyle \exp {\left({{\frac {1}{n}}\sum \limits _{i=1}^{n}\ln a_{i}}\right)}}...

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Gamma distribution

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θ), then log ⁡ X {\textstyle \log X} follows an exponential-gamma (abbreviated exp-gamma) distribution. It is sometimes referred to as the log-gamma distribution...

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