Indonesian author Chairil Anwar (1922–1949) wrote 75 poems, 7 pieces of prose, and 3 poetry collections. He also translated 10 poems and 4 pieces of prose. The majority of Anwar's original poems are included in his collections: Deru Campur Debu, Kerikil-Kerikil Tajam dan yang Terampas dan yang Putus (both 1949), and Tiga Menguak Takdir (1950). In 1956 documentarian HB Jassin compiled most of Anwar's remaining works as Chairil Anwar: Pelopor Angkatan 45,[1] and in 1970 Burton Raffel published English translations of Anwar's original works as The Complete Poetry and Prose of Chairil Anwar.[2]
Born in Medan, North Sumatra, Anwar studied at schools run by the Dutch colonial government until around 1940, when he and his mother moved to the capital, Batavia (now Jakarta).[3] There he began immersing himself within the local literary scene.[4] In 1942 he wrote "Nisan" ("Gravestone"), which is generally considered his first poem.[5] He wrote extensively during the Japanese occupation (1942–1945), at times having to change his poems to avoid censorship; for instance, the title of his best-known work, "Aku" ("Me"), was temporarily known as "Semangat" ("Spirit") to avoid censorship based on themes of individuality.[6] Anwar possessed a passionate individualism, and the line "I want to live another thousand years" from "Aku" is often quoted. As the years passed, this individualism developed into a feeling of mortality and surrender; ultimately it is difficult, if not impossible, to identify a single theme which unites all of Anwar's work.[7] A notorious womaniser, he died at age 27; several sources suggest syphilis as the cause of his death.[8]
After his death Anwar was criticised for plagiarism, with several works revealed to have been uncredited translations of foreign poems.[9] His original works, unlike poems by earlier writers, used everyday language in an unusual manner in his poetry, mixing in words from foreign languages.[10] Anwar's poems were also multi-interpretable.[7] As such, the criticism of his plagiarism – although extensive at the time of discovery – has not affected his legacy. The Dutch scholar of Indonesian literature A. Teeuw described Anwar as "the perfect poet",[a][11] while Raffel describes him as "Indonesia's greatest literary figure".[12] The anniversary of his death, 28 April, is celebrated as National Poetry Day.[4]
The following list is divided into five tables based on the type of works contained within. The tables are initially arranged alphabetically by title, although they are also sortable. Titles, originally in the Van Ophuijsen and Republican spelling systems, are here standardised with the Perfected Spelling System now in use in Indonesia. English translations of titles are provided underneath the original ones; Raffel's translations have been used for those in his book, while literal translations are provided for the titles of other works. Untitled works are recorded with their first words in parentheses. Years given are in the Gregorian calendar; works written between 1942 and 1945 generally used the Japanese kōki (皇紀) calendar. Unless otherwise noted, this list is based on the ones compiled by Jassin (1968, pp. 163–172) and Raffel (1970, pp. vii–ix).
^Jassin 1968, pp. 5–7.
^Raffel 1970, pp. vii–ix.
^Teeuw 1980, pp. 202–203.
^ abYampolsky 2002, Chairil Anwar: Poet.
^Balfas 1976, p. 78.
^Jassin 1968, p. 163.
^ abTeeuw 1980, pp. 204–206.
^Djamin & LaJoubert 1972, p. 52.
^Teeuw 1980, p. 214.
^Teeuw 1980, pp. 209–210.
^Teeuw 1980, p. 199.
^Raffel 1970, p. xxii.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
and 24 Related for: List of works by Chairil Anwar information
Indonesian author ChairilAnwar (1922–1949) wrote 75 poems, 7 pieces of prose, and 3 poetry collections. He also translated 10 poems and 4 pieces of prose. The...
Wafatnya Legenda Penyair ChairilAnwar" [National Poetry Day: Commemorating the Death of the Legend of the Poet ChairilAnwar]. Direktorat Sekolah Menengah...
the centennial of the great Indonesian poet ChairilAnwar at Galeri Salihara. Between 2009 and 2011, she was international jury member of the Prince Claus...
Albdalkadir Munshi sampai kepada ChairilAnwar [Modern Indonesian Literature from Abdullah Bin Albalkadir Munshi to ChairilAnwar] (in Indonesian). Jakarta:...
Indies, among the indigenous elite of the colony many were fluent in the Dutch language. Authors include: ChairilAnwar; Soewarsih Djojopoespito; Noto Soeroto;...
mostly more realistic, compared to the worksof pujangga baru, which are more romantic - idealistic. ChairilAnwar (1922–1949) Kerikil Tajam (1949) Deru...
and academic Yoseph Yapi Taum [id] notes that Pinurbo also drew from ChairilAnwar, Amir Hamzah, Goenawan Mohamad, and Yudhistira ANM Massardi [id]. Taum...
difficult to understand the meaning of contemporary poetry. On the other hand, the purpose of old poems made byChairilAnwar and W.S. Rendra can be understood...
he acted in Perahu Kertas and its sequel, adapted from the novel of the same name by Dewi Lestari, Reza Rahadian played Remi, a businessman who becomes...
Three of the nominees were women: Marie Under, Henriette Charasson, and Dorothy Canfield Fisher. The authors James Truslow Adams, Hervey Allen, Chairil Anwar...
version for a symphony orchestra as the accompaniment) based on poems byChairilAnwar, Ilham Malayu, Sapardi Djoko Damono, Walt Whitman, Luis Cernuda, WS...
Other important figures include the late ChairilAnwar, a poet and member of the "Generation 45" group of authors who were active in the Indonesian independence...
is a listof nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a listof sovereign states or countries, though many of the nations listed may also...
1967; Parentheses V (text byChairilAnwar), mezzo-soprano, 4 celli, 1981; Gelandangan, female voice, karunding, 1999 (version of work for karunding, tape);...
and the Dutch language writings of Soewarsih Djojopoespito, ChairilAnwar, Kartini, Sutan Sjahrir and Sukarno. Much of the postcolonial discourse in Dutch...
1995), English poet and critic, member of the Movement July 26 – ChairilAnwar (died 1949), Indonesian poet of the "1945 Generation" August 9 – Philip...
Minangkabau literacy culture also gave birth to poet figures such as ChairilAnwar, Taufiq Ismail, Afrizal Malna and other literary figures, Sutan Takdir...
Gujarati Sahityani Ruprekha, a Gujarati history of the literature in that language; scholarship ChairilAnwar, "Aku" ("Me"), Indonesian Odysseus Elytis, Sun...
Hamka and ChairilAnwar, who migrated to Java since youth, were considered to be a pioneer of modern Indonesian literature. Their works has influence...
late years of the 19th century and has produced figures such as novelist Pramoedya Ananta Toer, dramatist W.S. Rendra, poet ChairilAnwar, and cinematographer...
the same title by Alisjabahna with new contributors, including ChairilAnwar, Achdiat Karta Mihardja, and Asrul Sani. The first edition of this new series...
island of Guernsey (d. 2012) ChairilAnwar, Indonesian poet and author; in Medan, North Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (d. 1949) The assassins of German Foreign...