List of space programs of the United States information
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United States space program
NASA
U.S. Space Force
Human spaceflight programs
Mercury
Gemini
Apollo
Skylab
Space Shuttle
Shuttle–Mir
International Space Station
Commercial Crew
Constellation
Artemis
Lunar Gateway
Robotic spaceflight programs
CRS
Explorers
GLS
Large Strategic
Lunar Orbiter
Lunar Precursor
Mariner
Mars Exploration
New Millennium
Pioneer
Planetary Missions
Discovery
New Frontiers
Solar System Exploration
Planetary Observer
Ranger
Surveyor
Vanguard
Viking
Voyager
X-37
NASA Astronaut Corps
Mercury
Gemini
Apollo
Space Shuttle
Spaceports
Eastern Range
Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
Kennedy Space Center
Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport
Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska
Western Range
Vandenberg Space Force Base
Space launch vehicles
Alpha
Antares
Atlas V
Delta IV Heavy
Electron
Falcon 9
Full Thrust
Falcon Heavy
LauncherOne
Minotaur
I
III
IV
V
C
New Glenn
New Shepard
Pegasus
Space Launch System
Starship
Vulcan Centaur
National security space
United States Space Force
National Reconnaissance Office
United States Space Command
Civil space
Department of Energy national laboratories
Federal Aviation Administration
Office of Commercial Space Transportation
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
Office of Space Commerce
Space Weather Prediction Center
Department of State Office of Space Affairs
Office of Science and Technology Policy
Commercial space industry
Astra
Ball Aerospace
Bigelow Aerospace
Blue Origin
Boeing
Firefly Aerospace
Lockheed Martin
Raytheon
Rocket Lab
Northrop Grumman
Sierra Nevada Corporation
SpaceX
SSL
United Launch Alliance
Virgin Galactic
Virgin Orbit
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The United States has developed many space programs since the beginning of the spaceflight era in the mid-20th century. The government runs space programs by three primary agencies: NASA for civil space; the United States Space Force for military space; and the National Reconnaissance Office for intelligence space. These entities have invested significant resources to advance technological approaches to meet objectives. In the late 1980s, commercial interests emerged in the space industry and have expanded dramatically, especially within the last 10 to 15 years.
NASA delivers the most visible elements of the U.S. space program. From crewed space exploration and the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon, to the Space Shuttle, International Space Station, Voyager, the Mars rovers, numerous space telescopes, and the Artemis program, NASA delivers on the civil space exploration mandate. NASA also cooperates with other U.S. civil agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to deliver space assets supporting the weather and civil remote sensing mandates of those organizations. In 2022, NASA's annual budget was approximately $24 billion.
The Department of Defense delivers the military space programs. In 2019, the U.S. Space Force started as the primary DoD agent for delivery of military space capability.[1] Systems such as the Global Positioning System, which is ubiquitous to users worldwide, was developed and is maintained by the DoD.[2] Missile warning, defense weather, military satellite communications, and space domain awareness also acquire significant annual investment. In 2023, the annual DoD budget request focused on space is $24.5 billion dollars.[3]
The Intelligence Community, through entities that include the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), invests significant resources in space. Surveillance and reconnaissance are the primary focuses of these entities.
Commercial space activity in the United States was facilitated by the passage of the Commercial Space Launch Act in October 1984.[4][5] Commercial crewed program activity was spurred by the establishment of the $10 million Ansari X Prize in May 1996.
^Hennigan, W.J. (July 23, 2020). "America Really Does Have a Space Force. We Went Inside to See What It Does". Time. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
^Hambling, David (October 4, 2020). "What would the world do without GPS?". BBC. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
^Erwin, Sandra (March 28, 2022). "Biden's 2023 defense budget adds billions for U.S. Space Force". Space News. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
^"Chapter 509 — Commercial Space Launch Activities". United States Code ~ Office of the Law Revision Counsel. U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
^Reagan, Ronald W. (October 30, 1984). "Statement on Signing the Commercial Space Launch Act - October 30, 1984". Internet Archive. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. p. 1688.
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