Global InformationList of prisoners with whole life orders information
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This is a list of prisoners who have received a whole life order, formerly called a whole life tariff, through some mechanism in jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. From the introduction of the whole life order system in 1983 until an appeal by a prisoner named Anthony Anderson in 2002, a whole life order was set by government ministers. Thereafter only a judicial body could decide to impose such an order.[1] The effect of a whole life order is that the prisoner serves the sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
Whole life orders have been reportedly issued in approximately 100 cases since introduction in 1983, although some of these prisoners have since died in custody, or had their sentences reduced on appeal. By 2023, there were believed to be more than 70 prisoners currently serving whole life sentences in England and Wales.[2][3] These include some of Britain's most notorious criminals, including the serial murderer, Rosemary West and the premature baby serial killer, Lucy Letby.
Other criminals such as David Copeland have had their initial minimum sentences increased. His trial judge recommended a minimum of 30 years, but this was eventually increased to a minimum of 50 years by the High Court. Copeland can only be released after 50 years if considered not to be dangerous at that point. This is set to keep him imprisoned until at least 2049 and the age of 73.[4]
Several prisoners serving whole life sentences have challenged the legality of whole life sentences in the High Court or European Court of Human Rights. These include Jeremy Bamber and Gary Vinter, whose second legal challenge to the European Court of Human Rights was successful, although the High Court later ruled that whole life sentences could still be issued as long as they were reviewed within 25 years. Arthur Hutchinson has challenged his sentence several times in both the High Court and the European Court of Human Rights, but has been unsuccessful each time.
Despite the fact that ministers can no longer decide when or if a life sentence prisoner can be considered for parole, they still retain the power to release a prisoner during their sentences on compassionate grounds. This normally includes cases only when a prisoner is incapacitated, seriously ill or of great age.
Several months before ministers were stripped of their powers to set minimum sentences, the High Court also stripped ministers of their power to overrule the Parole Board's decision that a life sentence prisoner can be paroled.[5]
- ^ "Ex parte Anderson". Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^ Fullfact.org. How long do murderers serve in prison?. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
- ^ Gov.uk. Offender Management Statistics Quarterly: January to March 2017. See Excel file for "Annual Prison Population: 2017", Table 1.9a. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
- ^ "London nail bomber must serve at least 50 years". The Guardian. 2 March 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^ "Crime (Sentences) Act 1997 (Section 30) Power to release life prisoners on compassionate grounds". Retrieved 23 June 2020.