Top left: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour was the first prime minister of the Kingdom of Italy.
Top right: Benito Mussolini was the longest-serving prime minister in Italian history.
Bottom left: Silvio Berlusconi was the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic.
Bottom right: Giorgia Meloni is the current prime minister of Italy as well as the first woman to hold the office.
The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government.[1][2] The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy.[3] Cavour previously served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties.[4] During the monarchy period, prime ministers were appointed by the king of Italy, as laid down in the Albertine Statute.[5] From 1925 until the fall of his regime in 1943, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State".[6] From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 67 governments in total.[7]
After the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy in 1946 and the proclamation of the Italian Republic, the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the Constitution of Italy. Alcide De Gasperi is the only prime minister who has held this position both in the Kingdom of Italy and in the Republic of Italy.
The prime minister is appointed by the President of the Republic and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.[8] From 1946 to 2022, in the first 76 years after the creation of the Republic, 30 men served as prime ministers.[9][10]
The current officeholder is Giorgia Meloni, who was appointed on 22 October 2022, becoming the first woman to hold this office.[11][12]
The longest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy was Benito Mussolini, who ruled the country from 1922 until 1943;[13] the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic is Silvio Berlusconi, who held the position for more than nine years between 1994 and 2011.[14] The shortest-serving officeholder was Tommaso Tittoni, who served as prime minister for only 16 days in 1905,[15] while the shortest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Fernando Tambroni, who governed for 123 days in 1960.[16]
^"I Governi nelle Legislature". www.governo.it (in Italian). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^"La funzione del Presidente del Consiglio". www.governo.it (in Italian). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^"Cavour, Camillo Benso conte di nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^Mack Smith, Denis (1985). Cavour. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 9780297785125.
^"Lo Statuto Albertino" (PDF) (in Italian). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
^"LEGGE 24 dicembre 1925, n. 2263-Normattiva". www.normattiva.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^"I Presidenti del Consiglio". legislature.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^"Italy-Government and society | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^Harris, Chris (13 December 2016). "Why do governments in Italy change so often?". euronews. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^"In 75 anni le donne al governo sono state appena il 6,5%". www.ilsole24ore.com (in Italian). Il Sole 24 Ore. 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
^"Governo, Mattarella conferisce l'incarico a Meloni. Giorgia: "Esecutivo di alto profilo che lavorerà spedito". Domani il giuramento alle 10 in Quirinale. La lista dei 24 ministri". 21 October 2022.
^"Far-right leader Giorgia Meloni sworn in as Italy's prime minister". The Guardian. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
^"Mussolini, Benito". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^"Quali sono stati i governi italiani più lunghi?". www.youtrend.it (in Italian). YouTrend. 26 November 2020. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^"Tommaso Tittoni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^"Fernando Tambroni Armaroli nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
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