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List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America information


This is a list of all present sovereign states in South America and their predecessors. The division between North and South America is unclear, generally viewed as lying somewhere in the Isthmus of Panama, however, the whole of Panama is considered to be part of North America as its southernmost nation. The continent was colonized by the Europeans: First by the Spaniards, and the Portuguese; and later by the Dutch, the French, and the English. Most of the present-day nations gained independence in the early 19th century, all of Latin America except for two Spanish colonies in North America gained independence between 1808 and 1826.[1] Today, South America consists of twelve sovereign states with common government system being some form of presidential republic.

Sovereign state Predecessors
Argentina Quilmes Civilisation (850–1667)

Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1810) (viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire)
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1810–1831)
Argentine Confederation (1831–1861)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Argentine Republic (1861–present)

Bolivia Wankarani culture (1500 BC–400)
Aymara kingdoms (c. 1150 - 1477)
Governorate of New Toledo (1528–1542)
Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1810) (viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire)
Viceroyalty of Peru (1810–1825) (viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire)
State of Upper Peru (1825)
Republic of Bolívar (1825)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Republic of Bolivia (1825–2009)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Plurinational State of Bolivia (2009–present)
Brazil Colonial Brazil (1500–1815) (colony of Portugal)
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1822)
Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)
Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889–1937)
United States of Brazil (1937–1967)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Federative Republic of Brazil (1967–present)
Chile Captaincy General of Chile (1542–1818)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Republic of Chile (1818–present)

Easter Island
Kingdom of Rapa Nui (400?–1902)

Colombia Herrera Period (1500 BC–800)
Quimbaya (500 BC–1600)
San Agustín (400 BC–1600)
Tumaco-La Tolita ( 350 BC–400)
Calima (200 BC–1600)
Zenú (200 BC–1600)
Tairona (100 BC–1600)
Nariño (800–1600)
Muisca Confederation (800–1540)
Province of Tierra Firme (1498–1542)
Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1819)
Gran Colombia (1819–1831)
State of New Granada (1831-1832)
Republic of New Granada (1832–1858)
Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
United States of Colombia (1863–1886)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Republic of Colombia (1886–present)
Ecuador Cañari (6th century - 1533)

Governorate of New Toledo (1528–1542)
Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1822)
Gran Colombia (1822–1830)
State of Ecuador (1830-1835)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Republic of Ecuador (1835–present)

Guyana Colony of Essequibo (1616–1815), Berbice (1627–1815) and Colony of Demerara (1745–1815) (all Dutch colonies)
British Guiana (1814–1966)
Guyana (1966–1970)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Co-operative Republic of Guyana (1970–present)
Panama Governorate of New Toledo (1528–1542)
Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1819)
Gran Colombia (1819–1831)
State of New Granada (1831-1832)
Republic of New Granada (1832–1858)
Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
United States of Colombia (1863–1886)
Republic of Colombia (1886–1903)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Republic of Panama (1903–present)
Paraguay Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1814)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Republic of Paraguay (1814–present)
Peru Caral-Supe civilization (c. 3500 - c. 1800 BC)

Casma-Sechin Civilisation (3500 BC - 200) Jisk'a Iru Muqu (3400 - 1600 BC) Kotosh Civilisation (1800 - 900 BC) Chitipa (1400 BC - 100) Pucará (1400 BC - 400) Chachapoya (c. 900 - 1470) Chavín Civilisation (900 - 200 BC) Paracas culture (c. 800 - 100 BC) Nazca culture (100 BC - 800) Lima culture (c. 100 - c. 650) Moche Civilisation (100 - 700) Tiwanaku Empire (600 - 1000) Wari Empire (6th century - 11th century) Kingdom of Chimor (c. 900 - 1470) Chincha culture (900 - 1450) Ichma Kingdom (1100 - 1469) Kingdom of Cusco (1197 - 1438)

Inca Empire (1438–1533)

Governorate of New Castile (1528–1542) and Governorate of New Toledo (1528–1542) (both Spanish colonies)
Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1824)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Republic of Peru (1824–present)

Suriname Colony of Surinam (1630–1954)
Country of Suriname (1954–1975) (constituent country of the Netherlands)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Republic of Suriname (1975–present)
Trinidad and Tobago Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1797)

British West Indies (1797–1962)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1976) (commonwealth realm)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (1976–present)

Uruguay United Provinces of the River Plate (1810–1816)
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1816–1822)
Empire of Brazil (1822–1828)
Eastern State of Uruguay (1828–1918)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Eastern Republic of Uruguay (1818–present)
Venezuela Viceroyalty of New Spain (1521–1717)
Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1777)
Captaincy General of Venezuela (1777–1821)
First Republic of Venezuela (1811-1812)
Second Republic of Venezuela (1813-1814)
Third Republic of Venezuela (1817-1819)
Gran Colombia (1821–1830)
State of Venezuela (1830–1857)
Republic of Venezuela (1858–1864)
United States of Venezuela (1864–1953)
Republic of Venezuela (1953–1999)
List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1999–present)
  1. ^ "The independence of Latin America". Britannica. Retrieved 29 April 2023.

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