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The inclusion or exclusion of items from this list or length of this list is disputed. |
In the following, a building is defined as a structure with a roof and walls that stands permanently in one place. Airports are excluded as their construction cost includes runways and systems; however, terminal buildings are included in the list.
Building | City | Country | Architect/designer | Current owner(s) | Completed/ will complete |
Nominal cost ($USbillion) |
Inflation-adjusted cost, 2021 ($USbillion) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Great Mosque of Mecca or Masjid al-Haram (King Abdullah Expansion Project) |
Mecca | Saudi Arabia | KSA | Government of Saudi Arabia | 2021 | 120[1] | 120 |
Hinkley Point C nuclear power station | Somerset | United Kingdom | EDF Energy | 2027 | 40.00[2] | ||
Plant Vogtle (Units 3 & 4) | Waynesboro, Georgia | United States | Georgia Power, Southern Company | 2023 | 30.00 | ||
ITER | Saint-Paul-lès-Durance | France | Bernard Bigot | ITER | 2025 | 25.00 | |
Flamanville 3 | Flamanville | France | 2023 | 21.93 | |||
Akkuyu Nuclear Plant | İçel | Turkey | Denis Sezemin | Akkuyu Nükleer Güç Santrali A.Ş. | 2023 | 20.00 | |
Abraj Al Bait | Mecca | Saudi Arabia | Saudi Binladen Group | Government of Saudi Arabia | 2012 | 16.00 | 18.89 |
Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant | Pabna | Bangladesh | Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission | 2024 | 12.65 | ||
Olkiluoto 3 | Eurajoki | Finland | Areva | Teollisuuden Voima | 2023[3] | 12.4[4] | 12.4 |
Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant (block 3 & 4) | Mochovce | Slovakia | Slovenské elektrárne | Slovenské elektrárne | 2023 | 7.61[5] | |
Željava Air Base | Željava | Yugoslavia | Yugoslav People's Army | Croatian Army | 1968 | 6.0[6] | 46.75 |
SoFi Stadium | Inglewood | United States | HKS, Inc. | Kroenke Sports & Entertainment | 2020 | 5.5[7] | 5.94 |
Marina Bay Sands | Singapore | Singapore | Moshe Safdie | Las Vegas Sands | 2010 | 5.50[8] | 6.83 |
Marina One | Singapore | Singapore | Ingenhoven Architects | Khazanah Nasional Berhad, Temasek Holdings | 2017 | 5.32[9] | 5.88 |
Apple Park | Cupertino, California | United States | Foster and Partners[10] | Apple Inc. | 2017 | 5.00[11] | 5.72 |
Resorts World Sentosa | Singapore | Singapore | Michael Graves | Genting Group | 2010 | 4.93[12] | 6.13 |
Wynn Palace | Cotai | Macau | Butler/Ashworth Architects and Wong & Ouyang | Wynn Resorts | 2016 | 4.2[13] | 5.22 |
The Cosmopolitan | Las Vegas | United States | Friedmutter Group with Arquitectonica | The Blackstone Group | 2010 | 4.10[14] | 5.09 |
Asia Square | Singapore | Singapore | Denton Corker Marshall with Architects61 | CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust, Qatar Investment Authority | 2013 | 4.06[15] [16] | 4.49 |
Suntec City | Singapore | Singapore | I. M. Pei with DP Architects and Tsao & McKown Architects | Suntec REIT | 1997 | 3.81[17] | 3.81 |
One World Trade Center | New York City | United States | Skidmore, Owings & Merrill | The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey | 2012 | 3.80[18] | 4.49 |
Marina Bay Financial Centre | Singapore | Singapore | Kohn Pedersen Fox with DCA Architects | Hongkong Land, Keppel REIT, Suntec REIT, DBS Bank | 2010 | 3.21[19] | 3.99 |
Lotte World Tower | Seoul | South Korea | James von Klemperer | Lotte Corporation | 2016 | 3.11 | 4.31 |
Emirates Palace | Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | John Elliott | Abu Dhabi Government | 2005 | 3.00 | 4.16 |
Palace of the Parliament | Bucharest | Romania | Anca Petrescu | Romanian Government | 1997 | 3.00 | 5.06 |
Wynn Resort | Las Vegas | United States | Butler/Ashworth Architects and Jerde Partnership | Wynn Resorts | 2005 | 2.70 | 3.75 |
Central Boulevard Towers | Singapore | Singapore | CallisonRTKL with Architects61 | IOI Group | 2023 | 2.52[20] | 2.64 |
Venetian Macau | Macau | Macau | Aedas | Las Vegas Sands | 2005 | 2.40[21] | 3.33 |
City of Dreams | Macau | Macau | Arquitectonica | Melco Crown Entertainment | 2009 | 2.40 | 3.03 |
Antilia | Mumbai | India | Perkins and Will and Hirsch Bedner Associates | Mukesh Ambani | 2010 | 2.6 | 3.23 |
New Children's Hospital[22] | Dublin | Ireland | Benedict Zucchi | Irish Government | 2025 | 2.4[23] | |
Raffles City | Singapore | Singapore | I. M. Pei, Architects61 | CapitaLand | 1997 | 2.35[24] | 2.46 |
Guoco Tower | Singapore | Singapore | Skidmore, Owings & Merrill with Architects61 | Guoco Group | 2016 | 2.27[25] | 2.56 |
Comcentre | Singapore | Singapore | Kohn Pedersen Fox | Singtel | 2028 | 2.19[26] | 2.19 |
Marina Square Complex | Singapore | Singapore | John Portman & Associates | UOL Group, Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group | 1986 | 2.17[27] [28] | 2.17 |
Taipei 101 | Taipei | Taiwan | C.Y. Lee & Partners | Taipei Financial Center Corporation | 2004 | 1.80 | 2.58 |
The Palazzo | Las Vegas | United States | HKS, Inc. | Las Vegas Sands | 2007 | 1.80 | 2.35 |
Guoco Midtown | Singapore | Singapore | Denton Corker Marshall | Guoco Group | 2024 | 1.77[29] | 1.88 |
Lakhta Center | Saint Petersburg | Russia | RMJM (until 2011), Gorproject | Gazprom Neft | 2018 | 1.77[30] | 2.09 |
South Beach | Singapore | Singapore | Foster + Partners | Allianz Real Estate, Gaw Capital, Hoi Hup Realty | 2016 | 1.75[31] | 2.29 |
Camp Nou | Barcelona | Spain | Francesc Mitjans and Josep Soteras | FC Barcelona | 2018 | 1.73 | 1.87 |
Nya Karolinska Hospital | Stockholm | Sweden | Whitearkitekter & White Tengbom team | Region Stockholm | 2018 | 1.7 (18 B SEK[32]) | 1.94 |
Crown Sydney | Sydney | Australia | WilkinsonEyre | Crown Resorts | 2020 | 1.68 | 1.72 |
Kemi Bio Product Factory (Kemin biotuotetehdas) | Kemi | Finland | Metsä Group | Metsä Fibre | 2023 | 1.68 | 1.72 |
Royal Adelaide Hospital | Adelaide | Australia | Silver Thomas Hanley & DesignInc | Government of South Australia | 2017 | 1.61 (2.3 AU$) | 1.78 |
Queensland Children's Hospital | Brisbane | Australia | Conrad Gargett Lyons | Queensland Government | 2014 | 1.59 (2.2 AU$) | 1.82 |
Bellagio | Las Vegas | United States | DeRuyter Butler and Atlandia Design | Bellagio (MGM Resorts International is the owner of the company) | 1998 | 1.60 | 2.66 |
Seat of the ECB | Frankfurt | Germany | Coop Himmelb(l)au | European Central Bank | 2013 | 1.57[33] | 1.83 |
Ocean Financial Centre | Singapore | Singapore | César Pelli | Keppel REIT | 2011 | 1.53[34] | 1.53 |
DUO | Singapore | Singapore | Ole Scheeren | Allianz Real Estate, Gaw Capital, Hoi Hup Realty | 2018 | 1.50[35] [36] | 1.59 |
Wembley Stadium | London | UK | Foster and Partners | The Football Association | 2006 | 1.50 | 2.02 |
Yankee Stadium | New York City | United States | Populous | New York City Industrial Development Agency | 2009 | 1.50 | 1.89 |
Termoelektrarna Šoštanj blok 6[37][circular reference] | Šoštanj | Slovenia | n.a. | Government of Slovenia | 2014 | 1.6 | 1.83 |
Burj Khalifa | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | Skidmore, Owings, & Merrill | Emaar Properties | 2010 | 1.5[38] | 1.86 |
CapitaSpring | Singapore | Singapore | Bjarke Ingels Group, Carlo Ratti | CapitaLand | 2021 | 1.35[39] | 1.35 |
8 Shenton Way | Singapore | Singapore | Skidmore, Owings & Merrill | Perennial Holdings | 2028 | 1.24[40] | 1.24 |
Frasers Tower | Singapore | Singapore | DP Architects | Frasers Property, National Pension Service | 2018 | 1.45[41] | 1.54 |
Gigafactory 1 | Storey County, Nevada | United States | HOK, Bennett Wagner & Grody Architects, RMH Group, Rocky Mountain Institute, Mortenson Construction, and CH2M HILL | Tesla, Inc. | 2020 | 1.31[42] | 1.5 |
Äänekoski Bio Product Factory (Äänekosken biotuotetehdas) |
Äänekoski | Finland | Metsä Group | 2017 | 1.33 (1.2B€)[43] | 1.47 | |
Mall of Tripla | Helsinki | Finland | Arkkitehdit Soini & Horto | YIT, Ilmarinen | 2019 | 1.33 (1.1 B€)[44][45] | 1.39 |
181 Mercer Street | New York | United States | Davis Brody Bond | New York University | 2023 | 1.285[46] | 1.45 |
Jewel Changi Airport (mixed-use building) | Singapore | Singapore | Moshe Safdie | Changi Airport Group | 2019 | 1.26[47] | 1.42 |
Comcast Technology Center | Philadelphia | United States | Foster and Partners | Comcast | 2018 | 1.5[48] | 1.62 |
Merdeka 118 | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | Fender Katsalidis in association with RSP KL | PNB Merdeka Ventures Sdn Bhd | 2023 | 1.21 | |
Petronas Twin Towers | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | César Pelli | KLCC Holdings | 1999 | 1.16 | 1.89 |
CapitaGreen | Singapore | Singapore | Toyo Ito | CapitaLand | 2014 | 1.11[49] | 1.31 |
Parliament House | Canberra | Australia | Romaldo Giurgola | Parliament of Australia | 1988 | 0.848[50] | 1.7 |
Bełchatów Power Station 858 MW unit | Bełchatów | Poland | Pge | 2011 | 1.29[51] | 1.55 |
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)