This is a list of mammal species recorded in Japan (excluding domesticated and captive populations). Of the 172[1] species of mammal found—112 native terrestrial mammals (those that are endemic are identified below; this number includes 37 species of bat), 19 introduced species, 40 species of Cetacea, and the dugong—161 are listed for the Japan region on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: of these, three taxa are critically endangered (Muennink's spiny rat, Yanbaru whiskered bat, and Gloomy tube-nosed bat), twenty-two are endangered, eight are vulnerable, and eleven are near threatened; the Japanese sea lion and Bonin or Sturdee's pipistrelle are evaluated as extinct.[2] Although on a global level the grey wolf is assessed as least concern, the two Japanese subspecies, Hokkaido wolf and Japanese wolf, are further recent extinctions; the 2020 Japanese Ministry of the Environment Red List also lists as extinct the Okinawa flying fox and Japanese river otter, as well as the subspecies Miyako little horseshoe bat [ja].[3][4]
As of January 2023, for their protection, fifteen species and subspecies have been designated National Endangered Species by Cabinet Order in accordance with the 1992 Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.[5]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
EX
Extinct
No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW
Extinct in the wild
Known only to survive in captivity or as (a) naturalized population(s) well outside its previous range.
CR
Critically endangered
The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
EN
Endangered
The species is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU
Vulnerable
The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT
Near threatened
The species does not currently meet the criteria for CR, EN, or VU but is close or likely to do so in the near future.
LC
Least concern
The species has been evaluated and does not meet the qualifying criteria for CR, EN, VU, or NT.
DD
Data deficient
There is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction of this species.
^Ohdachi, S. D.; et al., eds. (2015). The Wild Mammals of Japan (2 ed.). Shoukadoh and The Mammal Society of Japan. pp. vii, 404. ISBN 978-4879746917.
^"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
^環境省レッドリスト2020 [Ministry of the Environment Red List 2020] (in Japanese). Japanese Ministry of the Environment. 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
^レッドデータブック・レッドリスト [Red Data Books and Red Lists] (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
^国内希少野生動植物種一覧 [List of National Endangered Species] (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. January 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
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