Legislators: Lycurgus, Chilon, Epitadeus, Agis IV, Cleomenes III
Government
List of Kings of Sparta (Agiads, Eurypontids)
Gerousia
Ephorate
Ekklesia
Navarchy
Social groups
Spartiates
Perioeci
Helots
Neodamodes
Trophimoi
Mothax
Sciritae
Epeunacti
Partheniae
Society
Agoge
Crypteia
Spartan army
Syssitia
Xenelasia
Women
Cults
Aphrodite (Ambologera, Areia, Temple)
Artemis (Caryatis, Isora, Orthia)
Hyacinth
Menelaion
Festivals
Carneia
Gymnopaedia
Hyacinthia
Xanthika
Legacy
Laconophilia
Laconism
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For most of its history, the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta in the Peloponnese was ruled by kings. Sparta was unusual among the Greek city-states in that it maintained its kingship past the Archaic age. It was even more unusual in that it had two kings simultaneously, who were called the archagetai,[1][n 1] coming from two separate lines. According to tradition, the two lines, the Agiads (Ἀγιάδαι, Agiadai) and Eurypontids (Εὐρυποντίδαι, Eurypontidai), were respectively descended from the twins Eurysthenes and Procles, the descendants of Heracles, who supposedly conquered Sparta two generations after the Trojan War. The dynasties themselves, however, were named after the twins' grandsons, the kings Agis I and Eurypon, respectively. The Agiad line was regarded as being senior to the Eurypontid line.[3]
Although there are lists of the earlier purported Kings of Sparta, there is little evidence for the existence of any kings before the middle of the sixth century BC or so.
Spartan kings received a recurring posthumous hero cult like that of the similarly Doric kings of Cyrene.[4] The kings' firstborn sons, as heirs-apparent, were the only Spartan boys expressly exempt from the Agoge; however, they were allowed to take part if they so wished, and this endowed them with increased prestige when they ascended the throne.
^Hall, Jonathan M. (2007). A History of the Archaic Greek World: Ca. 1200-479 BCE. John Wiley & Sons. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-631-22668-0.
^ἀρχᾱγέτας, ἀρχηγέτης. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
^Cartledge, Paul, The Spartans, Vintage Books, 2003.
^Pindar and the cult of heroes. By Bruno Currie Page 245 ISBN 0-19-927724-9.
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