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List of heads of state or government who have been in exile information


In some cases, the deposed head of state or head of government are allowed to go into exile following a coup or other change of government, allowing a more peaceful transition to take place or to escape justice. In some cases, governments in exile are created.[1]

There have also been instances where they managed to return to power, as did Charles II of England.

Examples in chronological order include:

     Returned to power

Name Title Home country Exile period
(† – died in exile) 		Exiled country or countries
Jehoahaz King of Judah Kingdom of Judah 609 BC–unknown Egypt
Jeconiah King of Judah Kingdom of Judah 597 BC–562 BC Babylon
Pisistratus Tyrant of Athens Athens 561 BC–556 BC
556 BC–546 BC Rhaecelus
Arcesilaus III King of Cyrene Cyrene 518 BC–515 BC Samos
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus King of Rome Roman Kingdom 509 BC–495 BC† Caere, Clusium, Tusculum, and Cumae
Lycophron II Tyrant of Pherae Pherae 352 BC–after 352 BC† Athens
Arybbas King of Epirus Epirus 343 BC–unknown† Athens
Nectanebo II Pharaoh of Egypt Egypt 342 BC–unknown† Upper Egypt
Nubia
Aeacides King of Epirus Epirus 316 BC–313 BC
Pyrrhus King of Epirus Epirus 302 BC–297 BC
Cleombrotus II King of Sparta Sparta 240 BC–unknown† Tegea
Cleomenes III King of Sparta Sparta 222 BC–219 BC† Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt
Demetrius III Eucaerus King of Syria Seleucid Empire 87 BC–after 87 BC† Parthia
Herod Antipas Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea Galilee and Perea 39 AD–after 39 AD† Gaul
Mithridates III King of the Bosporus Bosporan Kingdom 45–68† Rome, Roman Empire
Romulus Augustulus Roman Emperor Western Roman Empire 476–after 511† Campania (Castellum Lucullanum)
Heraclonas Byzantine Emperor Byzantine Empire 641–642† Rhodes
Zhongzong Emperor of the Tang dynasty Tang dynasty 684–698 Fang Prefecture
Jun Prefecture
Justinian II Byzantine Emperor Byzantine Empire 695–702/703 Cherson
Eadwulf I King of Northumbria Northumbria 705–717† Dál Riata or Pictland
Junnin Emperor of Japan Japan 764–765† Awaji Island, Hyōgo Prefecture
Alhred King of Northumbria Northumbria 774–unknown Pictland
Telerig Khan of Bulgaria Bulgaria 777–777† Byzantine Empire
Æthelred I King of Northumbria Northumbria 779–790
Ecgberht King of Wessex Wessex 789–802 Frankish Empire
Osred II King of Northumbria Northumbria 790–792† Isle of Man
Osbald King of Northumbria Northumbria 796–799† Lindisfarne
Eardwulf King of Northumbria Northumbria 806–808 Frankish Empire
Irene of Athens Byzantine Empress Byzantine Empire 802–803† Lesbos
Wiglaf King of Mercia Mercia 829–830
Theodora II Byzantine Empress Byzantine Empire 857–867† Gastria, Cyprus
Yahya IV Emir of Morocco Morocco 922–946† Fatimid Caliphate
Constantine Lekapenos Byzantine Emperor Byzantine Empire 945–946/948† Samothrace
Hassan II Sultan of Morocco Morocco 974–985† Caliphate of Córdoba
Otto Orseolo Doge of Venice Republic of Venice 1026–1032† Byzantine Empire
Casimir I Duke of Poland Duchy of Poland 1034–1039 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kingdom of Hungary
Holy Roman Empire
Constantine IX Monomachos Byzantine Emperor Byzantine Empire 1035–1042 Lesbos
Bagrat IV King of Georgia Kingdom of Georgia 1050–1053 Byzantine Empire
Romanos IV Diogenes Byzantine Emperor Byzantine Empire 1072–1072† Proti
Sultan Shah ibn Radwan Sultan of Aleppo Aleppo 1118–after 1125†
Władysław II High Duke of Poland
Duke of Silesia 		Duchy of Poland
Duchy of Silesia 		1146–1159† Altenburg
Sutoku Emperor of Japan Japan 1156–1164† Sanuki Province, Shikoku
Go-Toba Emperor of Japan Japan 1221–1239† Oki Province, Oki Islands
Demetrius King of Thessalonica Kingdom of Thessalonica 1224–1230† Holy Roman Empire
Mitso Asen Tsar of Bulgaria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bulgaria 1257–before 1277/78† Byzantine Empire
Ivan Asen III Tsar of Bulgaria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bulgaria 1280–1303† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Golden Horde
George Terter I Tsar of Bulgaria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bulgaria 1292–1301 Byzantine Empire
Al-Nasir Muhammad Sultan of Egypt List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mamluk Sultanate 1294–1299 Al-Karak
1309–1310
Ivan II Tsar of Bulgaria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bulgaria 1300–before 1330† Byzantine Empire
Christopher II King of Denmark List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Denmark 1326–1329 Northern Germany
Ivan Stefan Tsar of Bulgaria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bulgaria 1331–1373† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Serbia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Naples
Go-Daigo Emperor of Japan Japan 1331–1333 Oki Province, Oki Islands
David II King of Scots List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Scotland 1333–1341 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman Sultan of Morocco Morocco 1348–1351† High Atlas
Muhammad V Sultan of Granada List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Granada 1359–1362 Morocco Morocco
Leo V King of Armenia Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 1375–1393† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mamluk Sultanate
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Castile
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Gongyang King of Goryeo List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Goryeo 1392–1394† Wonju, Joseon
Samcheok, Joseon
Min Saw Mon King of Arakan Kingdom of Mrauk U 1406–1429 Bengal Sultanate
Constantine II Tsar of Bulgaria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Tsardom of Vidin 1422–1422† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Serbia
Danjong King of Joseon Joseon 1457–1457† Yeongwol
Muhammad XII Sultan of Granada List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Granada 1492–1533† Morocco Morocco
Piero de' Medici Lord of Florence List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Florence 1494–1503† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Venice
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Naples
Eberhard II Duke of Württemberg List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Württemberg 1498–1504† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Electoral Palatinate
Yeonsangun King of Joseon Joseon 1506–1506† Ganghwa Island
Tabariji Sultan of Ternate List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sultanate of Ternate 1535–1544 Goa, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portuguese India
Hairun Sultan of Ternate List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sultanate of Ternate 1544–1546 Goa, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portuguese India
Narapati IV King of Ava Kingdom of Ava 1555–unknown Pegu
António I King of Portugal List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kingdom of Portugal 1580–1595† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Saidi Berkat Sultan of Ternate List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sultanate of Ternate 1606–1628† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spanish Philippines
Rory O'Donnell King of Tyrconnell Tyrconnell 1607–1608† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spanish Netherlands
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Papal States
Khalifeh Soltan Grand Vizier of the Safavid Empire List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Safavid Empire 1632–1645 Qom
Ngarolamo Sultan of Tidore Sultanate of Tidore 1634–1639† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sultanate of Ternate
Charles II King of England and Ireland
King of Scotland 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile England
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Scotland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ireland 		1651–1660 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
The Low Countries
Zhu Youlang (Yongli Emperor) Emperor of the Southern Ming Southern Ming 1661–1662† Burma
Govinda Manikya Maharaja of Tripura Twipra Kingdom 1661–1667 Chittagong Hill Tracts
Kingdom of Mrauk U
James II and VII King of England and Ireland
King of Scotland 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile England
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Scotland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ireland 		1688–1701† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Chakdor Namgyal King of Sikkim List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sikkim 1700–1707 Tibet
Charles XII King of Sweden List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sweden 1709–1714 Ottoman Empire
Vakhtang VI King of Kartli Kingdom of Kartli 1724–1737† Russian Empire
Theodore I King of Corsica List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kingdom of Corsica 1736–1756† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dutch Republic
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Great Britain
Pasquale Paoli President of Corsica Corsica Corsican Republic 1769–1790 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Great Britain
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
1795–1807†
Chaophraya Nakhon (Nu) King of Nakhon Si Thammarat Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom 1770–1776 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Thonburi Kingdom
Şahin Giray Khan of Crimea Khanate of Crimea 1783–1787† Russian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Tenzing Namgyal King of Sikkim List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sikkim 1788–1793† Tibet
Louis XVIII King of France List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France 1791–1814 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Prussia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Great Britain
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia
William I and VI King of the Netherlands
Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Prince of Orange-Nassau 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Luxembourg 		1795–1813 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Great Britain
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Prussia
Shah Shujah Durrani Emir of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Durrani Empire 1809–1839 Punjab
Cornelio Saavedra President of the Primera Junta List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Provinces of the Río de la Plata 1811–1815 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chile
Hamengkubuwono II Sultan of Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Sultanate 1812–1815 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Penang
1817–1826 Ambon, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dutch East Indies
Tenskwatawa Leader of Tecumseh's Confederacy Tecumseh's Confederacy 1813–1824 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Canada
Napoleon Emperor of the French List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France 1814–1815 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Elba
1815–1821† United Kingdom Saint Helena
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha King of Kandy List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kingdom of Kandy 1815–1832† Vellore Fort, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British India
Baji Rao II Peshwa List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Maratha Confederacy 1818–1851† Bithur, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British India
Ahmad Tajuddin II Sultan of Kedah List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kedah Sultanate 1821–1842 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Penang
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Malacca
Bernabé Aráoz President of the Republic of Tucumán List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Republic of Tucumán 1823–1824 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Salta, Río de la Plata
Agustín I Emperor of Mexico List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico 1823–1824 Tuscany Tuscany
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Charles X King of France List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France 1830–1836† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Austrian Empire
Louis XIX 1830–1844†
Henry V 1830–1883†
Charles II Duke of Brunswick List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brunswick 1830–1873† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
Pakubuwono VI Susuhunan of Surakarta List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Surakarta Sunanate 1830–1849† Ambon, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dutch East Indies
Miguel I King of Portugal List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal 1834–1847 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Papal States
1847–1851 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
1851–1866† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Baden
Antonio López de Santa Anna President of Mexico List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico 1836–1837 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
1845–1846 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba
1848–1853 United Kingdom British Jamaica
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Colombia
1855–1864 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Colombia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile St. Thomas
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
1864–1867 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile St. Thomas
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
1867–1874 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominican Republic
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bahamas
Pratap Singh Chhatrapati List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Maratha Confederacy 1839–1847† Benares State, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British India
Joaquin Mora Fernandez Head of State of Costa Rica List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Costa Rica 1839–1842 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chile
Dost Mohammad Khan Emir of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Emirate of Afghanistan 1840–1842 Mussoorie
Tomás Bobadilla President of the Dominican Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominican Republic 1844–1849
1868–1871† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Puerto Rico
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Haiti
Louis Philippe I King of the French List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France 1848–1850† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Juan Manuel de Rosas Governor of Buenos Aires List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Argentina 1852–1877† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Duleep Singh Maharaja List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sikh Empire 1854–1893† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Wajid Ali Shah Nawab of Awadh List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Oudh State 1856–1887† Metiabruz, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bengal Presidency
Bahadur Shah II Mughal Emperor Mughal Empire 1857–1862† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Burma
Birjis Qadr Nawab of Awadh List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Oudh State 1858–1887 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nepal
Faustin I Emperor of Haiti List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Haiti 1858–1867 United Kingdom British Jamaica
Bartolomé Calvo President of the Granadine Confederation List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Granadine Confederation 1861–1876 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Puerto Rico
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ecuador
José Antonio Páez President of Venezuela List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Venezuela 1863–1873† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
George V King of Hanover List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hanover 1866–1878† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Austria
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Napoleon III Emperor of the French List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France 1871–1873† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Muhammad Khudayar Khan Khan of Kokand Khanate of Kokand 1875–1886† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russian Empire
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Emirate of Afghanistan
Abdullah II Sultan of Perak List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Perak 1876–1894 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Mauritius (Seychelles)
Michel Domingue President of Haiti List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Haiti 1876–1877† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Jamaica
Ismail Pasha Khedive of Egypt List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt 1879–1895† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ottoman Empire
Thibaw Min King of Burma Konbaung dynasty Burma 1885–1916† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British India
Jaja King of Opobo Opobo 1887–1891† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Gold Coast
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Windward Islands
Hàm Nghi Emperor of Vietnam Đại Nam 1888–1943† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile French Algeria
Pedro II Emperor of Brazil List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil 1889–1891† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Dinuzulu King of the Zulu Nation Zulu Kingdom 1890–1897 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saint Helena
Yusuf Ali Kenadid Sultan of Hobyo List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sultanate of Hobyo 1890–1911† Aden Protectorate
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italian Eritrea
Gungunhana Emperor of Gaza Gaza Empire 1895–1906† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Azores, Portugal
Khalid bin Barghash Sultan of Zanzibar List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Zanzibar 1896–1927† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile German East Africa
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Mauritius (Seychelles)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saint Helena
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British East Africa
Wobgho Mogho Naba of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou 1897–1904† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Gold Coast
Ranavalona III Queen of Madagascar List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Madagascar 1897–1907† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Réunion
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile French Algeria
Ovonramwen King of Benin Benin 1897–1914† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Southern Nigeria
Manuel Barillas President of Guatemala List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guatemala 1898–1907† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico
Paul Kruger President of the South African Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Transvaal 1900–1904† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
Francis William Reitz President of the Orange Free State List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Orange Free State 1902–1907 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands
Mussa Moloh King of Fuladu Fuladu 1903–1931† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Gambia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Sierra Leone
Thành Thái Emperor of Vietnam List of heads of state or government who have been in exile French Annam 1907–1954 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile French Cochinchina
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Réunion
Pierre Nord Alexis President of Haiti List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Haiti 1908–1910† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Jamaica
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Cipriano Castro President of Venezuela List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Venezuela 1909–1924† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar Shah of Iran List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran 1909–1925† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russian Empire (1909–1920)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ottoman Empire (1920–1921)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy (1921–1925)
José Santos Zelaya President of Nicaragua List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nicaragua 1909–1919† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Manuel II King of Portugal List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal 1910–1932† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Gibraltar
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Porfirio Díaz President of Mexico List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico 1911–1915† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Victoriano Huerta President of Mexico List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico 1914–1916† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Guillermo Billinghurst President of Peru List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Peru 1914–1915† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chile
Abbas II Khedive of Egypt List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt 1914–1944† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ottoman Empire
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
Muhammad Usman Sultan of Ternate List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sultanate of Ternate 1915–1932 Java, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dutch East Indies
Duy Tân Emperor of Vietnam List of heads of state or government who have been in exile French Annam 1916–1945† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Réunion
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile French Equatorial Africa
Alexander Kerensky Prime Minister of Russia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia 1917–1970† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Constantine I King of the Hellenes List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Greece 1917–1920 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
1922–1923† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
Ferdinand I Tsar of Bulgaria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bulgaria 1918–1948† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Germany
Wilhelm II Emperor of Germany List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Germany 1918–1941† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands
Nikola I King of Montenegro List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Montenegro 1918–1921† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Ludwig III King of Bavaria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bavaria 1918–1918 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Austria
1919–1920 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hungary
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Liechtenstein
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
Marie-Adélaïde Grand Duchess of Luxembourg List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Luxembourg 1919–1924† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Germany
Charles I and IV Emperor of Austria
King of Hungary 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Austria-Hungary 1919–1921 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
1921–1922† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Madeira, Portugal
Francisco Bertrand President of Honduras List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Honduras 1919–1926 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Symon Petliura Chairman of the Directorate of Ukraine List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ukraine 1920–1926 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Poland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hungary
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Sayid Abdullah Khan of Khiva List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Khanate of Khiva 1920–1933† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ukrainian SSR
Mohamoud Ali Shire Sultan of Warsengali Warsangali Sultanate 1920–1928 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Seychelles
Jameel Al-Madfaai Prime Minister of Iraq List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iraq 1920–1923 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Transjordan
1941
Mahmud Barzanji King of Kurdistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kurdistan 1921–1922 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British India
1932–1941 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iraq (Nasiriyah)
Carlos Herrera President of Guatemala List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guatemala 1921–1930† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Akaki Chkhenkeli Prime Minister of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Transcaucasia 1921–1959† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Noe Zhordania Prime Minister of Georgia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Georgia 1921–1953† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Mehmed VI Sultan of the Ottoman Empire List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ottoman Empire 1922–1926† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
Mahammad Amin Rasulzade President of the Azerbaijani National Council List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Azerbaijan 1922–1955† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Turkey
Idris Chief of the Senussi Order
Emir of Cyrenaica
Emir of Tripolitania 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italian Cyrenaica 1922–1947 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
King of Libya List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Libya 1969–1983† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
Ahmad Shah Qajar Shah of Iran List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran 1923–1930† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Arturo Alessandri[2] President of Chile List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chile 1924–1925 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
George II King of the Hellenes List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Greece 1924–1935 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Romania
1941–1945 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Hussein bin Ali King of Hejaz List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hejaz 1925–1930 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Cyprus
Ali bin Hussein King of Hejaz List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hejaz 1925–1935† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iraq
Amanullah Khan King of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Afghanistan 1929–1960† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British India
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
Washington Luís[3] President of Brazil List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil 1930–1947 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo President of Chile List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chile 1931–1937 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Argentina
Alfonso XIII King of Spain List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain 1931–1941† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
Prajadhipok King of Siam List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Siam 1935–1941† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora Prime Minister of Spain Spain Spain 1936–1949† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France (1936–1942)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Argentina (1942–1949)
Haile Selassie I Emperor of Ethiopia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ethiopia 1936–1941 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Juan Bautista Sacasa President of Nicaragua List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nicaragua 1936–1946† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Yasin al-Hashimi Prime Minister of Iraq List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iraq 1936–1937† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
Nuri al-Said Prime Minister of Iraq List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iraq 1936–1937 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
1941 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Transjordan
Edvard Beneš President of Czechoslovakia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Czechoslovakia 1938–1945 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Augustinas Voldemaras Prime Minister of Lithuania List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lithuania 1938–1939 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
1940–1942 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Soviet Union
Manuel Azaña Prime Minister of Spain Spain Spain 1939–1940† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Władysław Sikorski Prime Minister of Poland List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Poland 1939–1943† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Gibraltar
Haakon VII King of Norway List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Norway 1940–1945 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Johan Nygaardsvold Prime Minister of Norway List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Norway 1940–1945 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Charlotte Grand Duchess of Luxembourg List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Luxembourg 1940–1945 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Canada
Wilhelmina Queen of the Netherlands List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands 1940–1945 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Dirk Jan de Geer Prime Minister of the Netherlands List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands 1940–1941 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy 1940–1945
Hubert Pierlot Prime Minister of Belgium List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Belgium 1940–1945 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Antanas Smetona President of Lithuania List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lithuania 1940–1944† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Eduardo Schaerer President of Paraguay List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Paraguay 1940–1941† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Argentina
Zog I King of Albania List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Albania 1941–1961† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Rezā Shāh Shah of Iran List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran 1941–1944† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile British Mauritius
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Africa
Emmanouil Tsouderos Prime Minister of Greece List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Greece 1941–1944 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Sofoklis Venizelos Prime Minister of Greece List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Greece 1944 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
Georgios Papandreou 1944–1945
Arnulfo Arias Madrid President of Panama List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Panama 1941–1945, 1951–1960 Latin America
1968–1978, 1984–1988† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Moncef Bey Bey of Tunis List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Tunisia 1943–1948† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile French Algeria
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez President of El Salvador List of heads of state or government who have been in exile El Salvador 1944–1966† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Honduras
Jorge Ubico President of Guatemala List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guatemala 1944–1946† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Isaías Medina Angarita President of Venezuela List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Venezuela 1945–1953† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Miklós Horthy Regent of Hungary List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hungary 1945–1957† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France (1945–1949)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal (1949–1957)
Peter II King of Yugoslavia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Yugoslavia 1945–1970† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Victor Emmanuel III King of Italy List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy 1946–1947† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
Umberto II King of Italy List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy 1946–1983† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
Simeon II Tsar of Bulgaria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bulgaria 1946–1996 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
Leonardo Argüello Barreto President of Nicaragua List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nicaragua 1947–1947† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico
Pridi Banomyong Prime Minister of Thailand List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Thailand 1947–1947
1948–1971 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Singapore
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile China
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat Prime Minister of Thailand List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Thailand 1947–1948 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hong Kong
Teodoro Picado Michalski President of Costa Rica List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Costa Rica 1948–1960† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nicaragua
José Bustamante y Rivero President of Peru List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Peru 1948–1955 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Argentina
Rómulo Betancourt President of Venezuela List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Venezuela 1948–1958 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Costa Rica
Rómulo Gallegos President of Venezuela List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Venezuela 1948–1958 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico
Michael I King of Romania List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Romania 1948–1997 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ras Al Khaimah 1948–1951† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sharjah
Shukri al-Quwatli President of Syria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1949–1955 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
Tribhuvan King of Nepal List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nepal 1950–1951 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile India
Carlos Prío Socarrás President of Cuba List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba 1952–1975† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Farouk King of Egypt List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt 1952–1965† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Monaco
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
Fuad II 1952–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Laureano Gómez President of Colombia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Colombia 1953–1959 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
Mohammed V Sultan of Morocco List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Morocco 1953–1955 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France (1953–1954)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Madagascar (1954–1955)
Fawzi Selu President of Syria
Prime Minister of Syria 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1954–early 1960s List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia
Husni al-Barazi Prime Minister of Syria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1954–1975† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Turkey
Adib Shishakli President of Syria
Prime Minister of Syria 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1954–1964† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil
Jacobo Árbenz President of Guatemala List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guatemala 1954–1971† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Czechoslovakia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Soviet Union
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uruguay (1957–1960)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba (1960–1965)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico (1965–1971)
Juan Perón President of Argentina List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Argentina 1955–1973 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Venezuela (1955–1958)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain (1958–1973)
Mohammed Ben Aarafa Sultan of Morocco List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Morocco 1955–1976† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Tangier
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Bảo Đại Emperor of Vietnam South Vietnam Vietnam 1955–1997† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Monaco
Paul Magloire President of Haiti List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Haiti 1956–1986 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Imre Nagy Prime Minister of Hungary List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hungary 1956–1957 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Yugoslavia (embassy)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Romania
Plaek Phibunsongkhram Prime Minister of Thailand List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Thailand 1957–1964† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cambodia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Japan
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla President of Colombia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Colombia 1957–1958 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain or
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominican Republic
Iskander Mirza President of Pakistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Pakistan 1958–1969† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Marcos Pérez Jiménez President of Venezuela List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Venezuela 1958–1963 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
1968–2001† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
Tenzin Gyatso 14th Dalai Lama List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Tibet 1959–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile India
Ghalib al-Hinai Imam of Oman List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Imamate of Oman 1959–2009† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia
Fulgencio Batista President of Cuba List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba 1959–1973† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
Anselmo Alliegro y Milá President of Cuba List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba 1959–1961† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Andrés Domingo y Morales del Castillo President of Cuba List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba 1959–1979† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominican Republic
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Syngman Rhee President of South Korea List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Korea 1960–1965† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Kigeli V King of Rwanda List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Rwanda 1961–2016† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Tanganyika
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uganda
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kenya
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Joaquín Balaguer President of the Dominican Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominican Republic 1962–1966 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Manuel Prado Ugarteche President of Peru List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Peru 1962–1967† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Albert Kalonji Mulopwe List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Kasai 1962–1964 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
1965–? Unknown
1997–2005 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Moïse Tshombe President of Katanga List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Katanga 1963–1964 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Northern Rhodesia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo List of heads of state or government who have been in exile DR Congo 1965–1969† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Algeria
Juan Bosch President of the Dominican Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominican Republic 1963–1966 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Puerto Rico
Abdullah Afeef President of the United Suvadive Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Suvadive Republic 1963–1993† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Seychelles
Nazim al-Qudsi President of Syria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1963–1998† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
Europe
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Jordan
Khalid al-Azm Prime Minister of Syria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1963–1965† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
Maamun al-Kuzbari Prime Minister of Syria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1963–1998† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Morocco
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
Maarouf al-Dawalibi Prime Minister of Syria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1963–2004† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia
Jamshid bin Abdullah Sultan of Zanzibar Sultanate of Zanzibar Zanzibar 1964–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Oman
Juscelino Kubitschek President of Brazil List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil 1964–1967 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Víctor Paz Estenssoro President of Bolivia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bolivia 1964–1978 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Peru
1980–1982
Saud King of Saudi Arabia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia 1964–1969† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Greece
João Goulart President of Brazil List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil 1964–1976† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uruguay (1964–1973)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Argentina (1973–1976)
Mohamed Boudiaf Chairman of the High Council of State List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Algeria 1964–1992 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Morocco (Kenitra)
Fulbert Youlou President of the Republic of Congo List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Republic of Congo 1965–1972† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Democratic Republic of the Congo
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
Nguyễn Khánh Prime Minister of South Vietnam List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Vietnam 1965–2013† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi Ruler of Sharjah List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sharjah 1965–1972 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bahrain
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
Mutesa II President of Uganda
Kabaka of Buganda 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uganda 1966–1969† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Kwame Nkrumah President of Ghana List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ghana 1966–1972† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guinea (1966–1971)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Romania (1971–1972)
Mwambutsa IV King of Burundi List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Burundi 1966–1977† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Republic of the Congo
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
Ntare V King of Burundi List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Burundi 1966–1972 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile West Germany
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uganda
Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan Ruler of Abu Dhabi List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Abu Dhabi 1966–1970 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran
Amin al-Hafiz President of Syria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1966–2003 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iraq
Salah al-Din al-Bitar Prime Minister of Syria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1966–1980† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Constantine II King of the Hellenes List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Greece 1967–2013 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Fernando Belaúnde Terry President of Peru List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Peru 1968–1980 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif Prime Minister of Iraq List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iraq 1968–1978† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Jordan
Muhammad al-Badr King of Yemen Kingdom of Yemen Yemen 1969–1996† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Norodom Sihanouk Prime Minister of Cambodia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cambodia 1970–1993 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile China
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile North Korea
Said bin Taimur Sultan of Oman List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Oman 1970–1972† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Moshoeshoe II King of Lesotho List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lesotho 1970–1970 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands
1990–1992 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Milton Obote President of Uganda List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uganda 1971–1979 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Tanzania
1985–2005† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Zambia
Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani Emir of Qatar List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Qatar 1972–1977† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dubai, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Arab Emirates
Son Ngoc Thanh Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cambodia 1972–1977† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Vietnam
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Vietnam
Mohammed Zahir Shah King of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Afghanistan 1973–2002 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Italy
Thanom Kittikachorn Prime Minister of Thailand List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Thailand 1973–1976 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Singapore
Américo Tomás President of Portugal List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal 1974–1980 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil
Marcello Caetano Prime Minister of Portugal List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal 1974–1980† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil
António de Spínola President of Portugal List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal 1974–1976† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil
Cheng Heng President of the Khmer Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cambodia 1975–1992 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Lon Nol President of the Khmer Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cambodia 1975–1985† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
In Tam Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cambodia 1975–2006† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu President of South Vietnam List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Vietnam 1975–2001† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Nguyễn Bá Cẩn Prime Minister of South Vietnam List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Vietnam 1975–2009† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Boun Oum Prime Minister of Laos List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Laos 1975–1980† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Alimirah Hanfare Sultan of Aussa List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Aussa Sultanate 1975–1991 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia
Abdurrahim El-Keib Prime Minister of Libya List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Libya 1976–2011 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Michel Micombero President of Burundi List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Burundi 1976–1983† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Somalia
James Mancham President of the Seychelles List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Seychelles 1977–1992 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Abdul Hamid Bakkush Prime Minister of Libya List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Libya 1977–2007† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
Ange-Félix Patassé Prime Minister of the Central African Empire List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Central African Empire 1978–1979 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Central African Republic 1980–1981 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chad
1982–1992 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Togo
President of the Central African Republic 2003–2009 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Togo
Jafar Sharif-Emami Prime Minister of Iran List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran 1978–1998† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Gholam Reza Azhari Prime Minister of Iran List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran 1978–2001† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Ali Amini Prime Minister of Iran List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran 1979–1992† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Shapour Bakhtiar Prime Minister of Iran List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran 1979–1991† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Shah of Iran List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran 1979–1980† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Morocco
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bahamas
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Panama
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
Idi Amin President of Uganda List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uganda 1979–2003† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Libya (1979–1980)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia (1980–2003)
Jean-Bédel Bokassa
(Bokassa I) 		Emperor of Central Africa List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Central African Empire 1979–1986 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ivory Coast (1979–1983)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France (1983–1986)
Fred Degazon President of Dominica List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominica 1979–2008† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Félix Malloum President of Chad List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chad 1979–2002 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nigeria
Moktar Ould Daddah President of Mauritania List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mauritania 1979–2001 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Anastasio Somoza Debayle President of Nicaragua List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nicaragua 1979–1980† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Paraguay
Pascal Lissouba Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Republic of Congo 1979–1990 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
President of the Republic of Congo 1997–2020† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom (1997–2004)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France (2004–2020)
Ahmed Ben Bella President of Algeria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Algeria 1980–1990 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
Luís Cabral President of Guinea-Bissau List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guinea-Bissau 1980–2009† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cuba (1980–1984)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal (1984–2009)
Johan Ferrier President of Suriname List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Suriname 1980–2010† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands
Ali Zeidan Prime Minister of Libya List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Libya 1980–2012 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile India
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Germany
Isabel Perón President of Argentina List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Argentina 1981–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Spain
Abolhassan Banisadr President of Iran List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Iran 1981–2021† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Yusuf Zuayyin Prime Minister of Syria List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Syria 1981–2016† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hungary
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sweden
Luis García Meza President of Bolivia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bolivia 1981–1995 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil
Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond First State Commissioner of Zaire List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Zaire 1981–1985 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Belgium
Prime Minister of Zaire 1996–2003 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Africa
Hendrick Chin A Sen President of Suriname List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Suriname 1982–1995 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands
Dương Văn Minh President of South Vietnam List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Vietnam 1983–2001† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Jules Sedney Prime Minister of Suriname List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Suriname 1983–1987 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands
Ahmadou Ahidjo President of Cameroon List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cameroon 1983–1989† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Senegal
Nguyễn Văn Lộc Prime Minister of South Vietnam List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Vietnam 1983–1992† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Singapore
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Benazir Bhutto Prime Minister of Pakistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Pakistan 1984–1987 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
1999–2007 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Arab Emirates
Gaafar Nimeiry President of Sudan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sudan 1985–1999 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
Goukouni Oueddei President of Chad List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chad 1985–2007 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Libya
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Algeria
Saeb Salam Prime Minister of Lebanon List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon 1985–1994 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
Jean-Claude Duvalier President of Haiti Haiti Haiti 1986–2011 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Ferdinand Marcos President of the Philippines List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Philippines 1986–1989† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Tito Okello President of Uganda List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uganda 1986–1993 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kenya
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza President of Burundi List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Burundi 1987–1993 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Libya
1998–2002 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uganda
Henri Namphy President of Haiti List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Haiti 1988–2018† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominican Republic
Ahmed al-Mirghani President of Sudan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sudan 1989–2001 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Egypt
Alfredo Stroessner President of Paraguay List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Paraguay 1989–2006† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil
Erich Honecker General Secretary List of heads of state or government who have been in exile East Germany 1989–1994† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Soviet Union (1989–1991)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia (1991–1993)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chile (1992–1994)
Hissène Habré President of Chad List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chad 1990–2021† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Senegal
Jabir III al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah Emir of Kuwait List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kuwait 1990–1991 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia
Michel Aoun President of Lebanon List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon 1990–2005 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Amine Gemayel President of Lebanon List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lebanon 1990–2000 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile  Switzerland
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Jean-Bertrand Aristide President of Haiti List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Haiti 1991–1994 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Venezuela
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
2004–2011 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Jamaica (2004)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Africa (2004–2011)
Siad Barre President of Somalia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Somalia 1991–1995† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kenya (1991)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nigeria (1991–1995)
Chatichai Choonhavan Prime Minister of Thailand List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Thailand 1991–1992 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Mengistu Haile Mariam President of Ethiopia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ethiopia 1991–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Zimbabwe
Sultan Ali Keshtmand Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Afghanistan 1991–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Alan García President of Peru List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Peru 1992–2001 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Colombia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Ayaz Mutallibov President of Azerbaijan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Azerbaijan 1992–2012 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia
Mohammad Najibullah President of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Afghanistan 1992–1996† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Nations (mission)
Joseph Saidu Momoh President of Sierra Leone List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sierra Leone 1992–2003† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guinea
Jorge Serrano Elías President of Guatemala List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guatemala 1993–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Panama
Didier Ratsiraka President of Madagascar List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Madagascar 1993–1996 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
2002–2011 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Théodore Sindikubwabo President of Rwanda List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Rwanda 1994–1998† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Zaire
Dawda Jawara President of the Gambia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Gambia 1994–2002 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Senegal
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Abdumalik Abdullajanov Prime Minister of Tajikistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Tajikistan 1994–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani Emir of Qatar List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Qatar 1995–2004 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Carlos Salinas de Gortari President of Mexico List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico 1995–1999 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ireland
Faustin Twagiramungu Prime Minister of Rwanda List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Rwanda 1995–2003
2003–2023† 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Belgium
Sylvestre Ntibantunganya President of Burundi List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Burundi 1996–1997 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States (embassy)
Valentine Strasser Head of State of Sierra Leone List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sierra Leone 1996–2000 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Burhanuddin Rabbani President of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Afghanistan 1996–2001 Northern Alliance
Abdalá Bucaram President of Ecuador List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ecuador 1997–2017 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Panama
Ahmad Tejan Kabbah President of Sierra Leone List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sierra Leone 1997–1998 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guinea
Mobutu Sese Seko President of Zaire List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Zaire 1997–1997† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Togo
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Morocco
Akezhan Kazhegeldin Prime Minister of Kazakhstan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kazakhstan 1997–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
Joachim Yhombi-Opango President of the Republic of Congo List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Republic of Congo 1997–2007 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Benin
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ivory Coast
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Norodom Ranariddh Prime Minister of Cambodia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cambodia 1997–1998 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Philippines
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Singapore
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Indonesia
2007–2008 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Malaysia
Nawaz Sharif Prime Minister of Pakistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Pakistan 1999–2007 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
2019–2023 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom[4]
Henri Konan Bédié President of Ivory Coast List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ivory Coast 1999–2001 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Togo
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
João Bernardo Vieira President of Guinea-Bissau List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Guinea-Bissau 1999–2005 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Portugal
Jamil Mahuad President of Ecuador List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ecuador 2000–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Pierre-Célestin Rwigema Prime Minister of Rwanda List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Rwanda 2000–2011 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Alberto Fujimori President of Peru List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Peru 2000–2007 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Japan (2000–2005)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chile (2005–2007)
André Kolingba President of the Central African Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Central African Republic 2001–2003 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Uganda
2003–2010† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Mullah Omar Supreme Leader of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Afghanistan 2001–2013† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Zabul Province, Afghanistan (in hiding)[5]
Abdul Kabir Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Afghanistan 2001–2021 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Pakistan[6]
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada President of Bolivia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bolivia 2003–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Charles Taylor President of Liberia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Liberia 2003–2006 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nigeria
Martin Ziguélé Prime Minister of the Central African Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Central African Republic 2003–2005 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Jean-Paul Ngoupandé Prime Minister of the Central African Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Central African Republic 2003–2005 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
Gustavo Noboa[7] President of Ecuador List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ecuador 2003–2005 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominican Republic
Norodom Sihanouk King of Cambodia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cambodia 2004–2012† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile China
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile North Korea
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya President of Mauritania List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mauritania 2005–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Gambia (2005)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Qatar (2005–present)
Lucio Gutiérrez President of Ecuador List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ecuador 2005–2005 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Peru
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Askar Akayev President of Kyrgyzstan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kyrgyzstan 2005–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia
Nikolai Tanayev Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kyrgyzstan 2005–2020† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia
Thaksin Shinawatra Prime Minister of Thailand List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Thailand 2006–2008
2008–2023 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Singapore
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile China
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Hong Kong
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cambodia
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Arab Emirates
Pervez Musharraf President of Pakistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Pakistan 2008–2013
2016–2023† 		List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Arab Emirates
Marc Ravalomanana President of Madagascar List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Madagascar 2009–2014 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Swaziland (2009)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Africa (2009–2014)
Manuel Zelaya President of Honduras List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Honduras 2009–2011 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Costa Rica (2009)
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Dominican Republic (2010–2011)
Kurmanbek Bakiyev President of Kyrgyzstan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Kyrgyzstan 2010–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Belarus
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali President of Tunisia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Tunisia 2011–2019† List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia
Amadou Toumani Touré President of Mali List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mali 2012–2017 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Senegal
François Bozizé President of the Central African Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Central African Republic 2013–2019 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Cameroon
Michel Djotodia President of the Central African Republic List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Central African Republic 2014–2020 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Benin
Tom Thabane Prime Minister of Lesotho List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Lesotho August–September 2014 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile South Africa
Viktor Yanukovych President of Ukraine List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ukraine 2014–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia
Mykola Azarov Prime Minister of Ukraine List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ukraine 2014–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Russia
Mikheil Saakashvili President of Georgia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Georgia 2014–2021 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ukraine
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Netherlands
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ukraine
Mauricio Funes President of El Salvador List of heads of state or government who have been in exile El Salvador 2014–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nicaragua
Blaise Compaoré President of Burkina Faso List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Burkina Faso 2014–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ivory Coast
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Morocco
Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi President of Yemen List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Yemen 2015–present[note 1] List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Saudi Arabia
Yahya Jammeh President of the Gambia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Gambia 2017–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Equatorial Guinea
Rafael Correa President of Ecuador List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ecuador 2017–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Belgium
Yingluck Shinawatra Prime Minister of Thailand List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Thailand 2017–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Singapore
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Kingdom
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Arab Emirates
Evo Morales President of Bolivia List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Bolivia 2019–2020 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Mexico
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Argentina
Guillaume Soro Prime Minister of Ivory Coast List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Ivory Coast 2019–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile France
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Belgium
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Arab Emirates
Ashraf Ghani President of Afghanistan List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Afghanistan 2021–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United Arab Emirates
Gotabaya Rajapaksa President of Sri Lanka List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sri Lanka July–September 2022 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Maldives
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Singapore
List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Thailand
Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba Interim President of Burkina Faso List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Burkina Faso 2022–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Togo
Succès Masra Prime Minister of Chad List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Chad 2022–2023 List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Jair Bolsonaro President of Brazil List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Brazil 2022–2023[8][9] List of heads of state or government who have been in exile United States
Ernest Bai Koroma President of Sierra Leone List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Sierra Leone 2024–present List of heads of state or government who have been in exile Nigeria
  1. ^ Geoghegan, Tom (2011-04-14). "BBC News – What happens to deposed leaders?". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
  2. ^ Exile Communities and Their Differential Institutional Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of the Chilean and Uruguayan Political Diasporas Revista de ciencia política (Santiago)
  3. ^ Koifman, Fábio. Presidentes do Brasil – de Jânio a Lula. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Rio, 2003
  4. ^ "Ex-Pakistan PM Nawaz to return home in October after 4-year exile". 25 August 2023.
  5. ^ "Fugitive Taliban leader Mullah Omar 'lived close to US bases'". BBC News. 10 March 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  6. ^ Sayed, Abdul (8 September 2021). "Analysis: How Are the Taliban Organized?". Voice of America. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  7. ^ España, Sara (2021-02-17). "Fallece el expresidente de Ecuador Gustavo Noboa, artífice de la estabilización del país tras la crisis de 1999". EL PAÍS (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-02-17.
  8. ^ Osborn, Catherine (9 January 2023). "Brazil's Capitol Riot Shows the Strength of Bolsonarism After Bolsonaro". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 10 January 2023. There also seems to be a sophisticated network behind the mobilization and financing of right-wing extremism in Brazil, even as its key figurehead remains in self-imposed exile.
  9. ^ Boadle, Anthony (2023-03-31). "Bolsonaro lands back in Brazil to lead right-wing opposition". Retrieved 2023-03-31.


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exiled remnant of France's Nazi-sympathizing Vichy government which fled to Germany during the Liberation of France near the end of World War II in order...

Word Count : 2202

Governor

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they have only been called governors. As a generic term, governor is used for various 'equivalent' politician who are the head of a state or province...

Word Count : 4687
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