Global InformationList of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope information
 | This article needs to be updated. (December 2020) |
The list of exoplanets detected by the Kepler space telescope contains bodies with a wide variety of properties, with significant ranges in orbital distances, masses, radii, composition, habitability, and host star type. As of June 16 2023, the Kepler space telescope and its follow-up observations have detected 2,778 planets, including hot Jupiters, super-Earths, circumbinary planets, and planets located in the circumstellar habitable zones of their host stars.[1][2][3][4] Kepler has detected over 3,601 unconfirmed planet candidates[5][6] and 2,165 eclipsing binary stars.[6]
In addition to detecting planets itself, Kepler has also uncovered the properties of three previously known extrasolar planets. Public Kepler data has also been used by groups independent of NASA, such as the Planet Hunters citizen-science project, to detect several planets orbiting stars collectively known as Kepler Objects of Interest.[7][8][9][10][11]
Kepler, launched on March 7, 2009, was designed to observe a fixed portion of the sky in visible light and measure the light curves of the various stars in its field of view, looking for planets crossing in front of their host stars via the transit method.[12][13] Since the launch of the spacecraft, though, both the Kepler team at NASA and independent researchers have found new ways of detecting planets, including the use of the transit timing variation method and relativistic beaming.[14] In addition, gravitational microlensing has been proposed as a method of using Kepler to detect compact objects, such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.[13] Kepler has also measured the reflected light from some planets already known, discovering planets undetectable with the transit method[15] as well as improving knowledge of the characteristics of planets already discovered.[16]
On February 26, 2014, NASA announced the discovery of 715 newly verified exoplanets around 305 stars by the Kepler Space Telescope. The exoplanets were found using a statistical technique called "verification by multiplicity". 95% of the discovered exoplanets were smaller than Neptune and four, including Kepler-296f, were less than 2 1/2 the size of Earth and were in habitable zones where surface temperatures are suitable for liquid water.[17][18][19]
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Bar graph of Exoplanets by size - the gold bars represent Kepler's latest newly verified exoplanets (May 10, 2016). -
Bar graph of Exoplanet Discoveries - gold bar displays new planets "verified by multiplicity" (May 10, 2016).
On May 10, 2016, NASA announced that the Kepler mission has verified 1,284 new planets.[20] Based on some of the planet's sizes, about 550 could potentially be rocky planets. Nine of these orbit in their stars' habitable zone.[20]
- ^ Exoplanet and Candidate Statistics. Confirmed Planets Discovered by Kepler, exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech
- ^ NASA Retires Kepler Space Telescope, jpl.nasa.gov, Oct 30, 2018
- ^ Clavin, Whitney; Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele (6 January 2015). "NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ "'Alien Earth' is among eight new far-off planets". BBC. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ Wall, Mike (5 September 2013). "NASA Exoplanet archive". TechMediaNetwork. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
- ^ a b "NASA - Kepler". Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ Schneider, Jean. "Notes for star Kepler-9". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Schneider, Jean. "Kepler-41b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ "Kepler-43b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ^ "Kepler-44b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ^ "Kepler-46b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ^ BBC Staff (7 March 2009). "Nasa launches Earth hunter probe". BBC News. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
- ^ a b Sahu, K. C.; Gilliland, R. L. (2003). "Near‐Field Microlensing and Its Effects on Stellar Transit Observations byKepler". The Astrophysical Journal. 584 (2): 1042–1052. arXiv:astro-ph/0210554. Bibcode:2003ApJ...584.1042S. doi:10.1086/345776. S2CID 13043236.
- ^ Moskowitz, Clara (May 13, 2013). "'Einstein's Planet': New Alien World Revealed by Relativity". Space.com. TechMediaNetwork. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
- ^ Charpinet, S.; Fontaine, G.; Brassard, P.; Green, EM; Van Grootel, V.; Randall, SK; Silvotti, R.; Baran, AS; Østensen, RH; Kawaler, SD; et al. (2011). "A compact system of small planets around a former red-giant star". Nature. 480 (7378): 496–499. Bibcode:2011Natur.480..496C. doi:10.1038/nature10631. PMID 22193103. S2CID 2213885.
- ^ Borucki, W.J.; Koch, D.; Jenkins, J.; Sasselov, D.; Gilliland, R.; Batalha, N.; Latham, D. W.; Caldwell, D.; et al. (2009). "Kepler's Optical Phase Curve of the Exoplanet HAT-P-7b". Science. 325 (5941): 709. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..709B. doi:10.1126/science.1178312. PMID 19661420. S2CID 206522122.
- ^ Johnson, Michele; Harrington, J.D. (February 26, 2014). "NASA's Kepler Mission Announces a Planet Bonanza, 715 New Worlds". NASA. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
- ^ Wall, Mike (26 February 2014). "Population of Known Alien Planets Nearly Doubles as NASA Discovers 715 New Worlds". Space.com. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ "Kepler telescope bags huge haul of planets". Retrieved 27 February 2014.
- ^ a b "NASA's Kepler Mission Announces Largest Collection of Planets Ever Discovered". NASA. NASA News. May 10, 2016. Retrieved 2016-05-11.