Cuba is located in an area with several active fault systems which produce on average about 2000 seismic events each year.[1] While most registered seismic events pass unnoticed, the island has been struck by a number of destructive earthquakes over the past four centuries, including several major quakes with a magnitude of 7.0 or above.
Approximately 70% of seismic activity in Cuba emanates from the Oriente fault zone, located in the Bartlett-Cayman fault system which runs along the south-eastern coast of Cuba and marks the tectonic boundary between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate.[2] The 12 currently active faults in Cuba also include the Cauto-Nipe, Cochinos and Nortecubana faults.[2]
Destructive earthquakes originating from the Oriente fault occurred in 1766 (MI= 7.6), 1852 (MI = 7.2) and 1932 (Ms = 6.75).[3] Some studies suggested there is a high probability the Oriente fault would produce a magnitude 7 earthquake,[4] this happening in January 2020, with a magnitude of 7.7, the highest registered in this country's history.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Notable earthquakes in recent Cuban history include the following:
Name
Date
Epicentre
M
Intensity
Depth
Notes
Deaths
1578 Cuba earthquake
157808000000August 1578
Santiago de Cuba[1]
6.8
VIII
30 km
Magnitude estimated at 6.8 ML on the Richter magnitude scale, intensity at VIII EMS-98.[1]
1580 Cuba earthquake
1580121900001580-12-19
Santiago de Cuba[5]
1632 Cuba earthquake
163210000000October 1632
Santiago de Cuba[6]
1675 Cuba earthquake
1675021100001675-02-11
Santiago de Cuba[1][7]
5.8
VII
30 km
Magnitude estimated at 5.8 ML on the Richter magnitude scale, intensity at VII EMS-98.[1]
1678 Cuba earthquake
1678021100001678-02-11 14:59
Santiago de Cuba[7]
6.8
VIII
30 km
Magnitude estimated at 6.8 ML on the Richter magnitude scale, intensity at VIII EMS-98.[1]
1679 Cuba earthquake
1679021100001679-02-11
Santiago de Cuba[7]
1682 Cuba earthquake
1682000000001682
Santiago de Cuba[7]
5.8
VII
30 km
Magnitude estimated at 5.8 ML on the Richter magnitude scale, intensity at VII EMS-98.[1]
1693 Cuba earthquake
169307000000July 1693
Havana[8]
"1,500 houses thrown down"
1757 Cuba earthquake
1757121400001757-12-14
Santiago de Cuba[9]
1766 Cuba earthquake
1766061100001766-06-11 05:14
Santiago de Cuba[10]
7.6 MI[3]
IX
35 km
Magnitude estimated at 7.6 ML on the Richter magnitude scale, intensity at IX EMS-98.[1]
120
1826 Cuba earthquake
1826091800001826-09-18 09:26
Santiago de Cuba[11]
5.8
VII
30 km
Magnitude estimated at 5.8 ML on the Richter magnitude scale, intensity at VII EMS-98.[1]
1842 Cuba earthquake
1842070700001842-07-07
Santiago de Cuba[1]
6.0
VII
30 km
Magnitude estimated at 6.0 ML on the Richter magnitude scale, intensity at VII EMS-98.[1]
1852 Cuba earthquake
185209214051852-08-20 14:05 UTC
Santiago de Cuba[10][12]
7.2 MI[3]
IX
30 km
Intensity estimated at IX EMS-98,[1] with 26 heavy aftershocks. Caused severe damage to churches and other buildings in Santiago de Cuba, as well as landslides in the Sierra Maestra region. Shaking felt in the whole of eastern Cuba, up to the islands of Jamaica and Hispaniola.[13]
1852 Cuba earthquake (November)
1852112608371852-11-26 08:37 GMT
Santiago de Cuba, Sierra Maestra[1][14]
7.0
VIII
35 km
1858 Cuba earthquake
1858012800001858-01-28 22:04
Santiago de Cuba[1]
6.5
VII
30 km
1880 Cuba earthquake
1880012300001880-01-23 04:39
San Cristóbal/Vuelta Abajo (Pinar del Río) [1][15][16]
6.0
VIII
15 km
A series of severe shock waves originating from western Cuba were also felt in the town of Key West (Florida), and included a strong earthquake on 23 January 1880 in San Cristóbal, Pinar del Río at 4 a.m.[16]
1903 Cuba earthquake
1903092200001903-09-22 08:09
Santiago de Cuba[1]
5.7
VII
30 km
1906 Cuba earthquake
1906062200001906-06-22 07:09
Santiago de Cuba[1]
6.2
VII
30 km
1914 Cuba earthquake
1914022800001914-02-28 05:19
Gibara[1]
6.2
VII
32 km
1914 Cuba earthquake
1914122500001914-12-25 05:19
Santiago de Cuba[1]
6.7
VII
30 km
1932 Cuba earthquake
1932020306161932-02-03
20°00′00″N75°48′00″W / 20.000°N 75.800°W / 20.000; -75.800 Santiago de Cuba[17]
6.75 mb[3]
VIII
Intensity estimated at VIII EMS-98.[1] 8[17] – 1500[18] deaths, 300 injured. 80% of buildings in Santiago de Cuba affected.,[17] with damage totaling 15 million Pesos.[13]
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