For individual animals, see List of individual bovines.
Six bovid species (clockwise from top left): addax, cattle, mountain gazelle, impala, blue wildebeest, and mouflon
Bovidae is a family of hoofed ruminant mammals in the order Artiodactyla. A member of this family is called a bovid. They are widespread throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America, and are found in a variety of biomes, most typically forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland. Bovids range in size from the 38 cm (15 in) long royal antelope to the 3.3 m (11 ft) long gaur, which can reach 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) in weight.[1] Over a billion each of domesticated sheep, cattle, and goats, and over 200 million domesticated water buffalo, 14 million domestic yak, and 300,000 domesticated gayal are used in farming worldwide. Many wild species do not have population estimates, though the impala, springbok, and harnessed bushbuck have population sizes of over one million, while several species of bovid are considered endangered or critically endangered with populations as low as 25. One species, the scimitar oryx, was once extinct in the wild, though populations are now recovering. The bluebuck went extinct in the last 200 years, and the aurochs went extinct 400 years ago. A third extinct species, the red gazelle, potentially never existed,[2] and the kouprey is potentially extinct, with no sightings since 1969.[3]
The 146 extant species of Bovidae are split into 53 genera within 9 subfamilies: Aepycerotinae, or the impala; Alcelaphinae, containing the bontebok, hartebeest, wildebeest, and relatives; Antilopinae, containing several antelope, gazelles, and relatives; Bovinae, containing cattle, buffalos, bison, and other antelopes; Caprinae, containing goats, sheep, ibex, serows and relatives; Cephalophinae, or duikers; Hippotraginae, containing the addax, oryx, and relatives; Nesotraginae, or dwarf antelopes; and Reduncinae, or reedbuck and kob antelopes. Extinct species have also been placed into these subfamilies, as well as the extinct Hypsodontinae, Oiocerinae, and Tethytraginae subfamilies. Over one hundred extinct Bovidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[4]
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America, and are found in a variety of biomes, most typically forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland. Bovids range in size from the 38 cm (15 in)...
sheath of keratin. Most bovids bear 30 to 32 teeth. Most bovids are diurnal. Social activity and feeding usually peak during dawn and dusk. Bovids typically...
parts of India and Nepal, where they are considered sacred by most Hindus. Bovids are used as draft animals and as riding animals. Small breeds of domestic...
as the tribe Caprini, is part of the ruminant family Bovidae, and consists of mostly medium-sized bovids. A member of this subfamily is called a caprine...
spiral-horned bovids) and Boselaphini (the nilgai and four-horned antelope). The second clade is the subfamily Antelopinae, which includes all other bovids. Antelopinae...
Among the listofbovids represented here, past peoples consumed zebra, tortoise, aardvark, and small browsing antelope. In this region of Zambia, these...
puku diet is flexible in regards to type of grasses consumed. There is little dietary competition with other bovids. This species is crepuscular, active in...
Below is the listingof 'new' species recognized by Groves and Grubb (2011) with vernacular names following Castelló (2016) from Bovidsof the World: Note...
goral) or the gray goral, is a bovid species native to the Himalayas. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List because the population is thought...
top of the head, and despite being relatively slender, reaching a top weight of 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). The largest extant representative of the bovids, a...
among the species. The bovids show great variation in size and pelage colouration. Excepting some domesticated forms, all male bovids have horns, and in many...
range map is not available, a description of the bovid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted...
the top of the head, referred to as a "boss". The African buffalo is more closely related to other buffalo species than it is to other bovids such as...
is a listof mammals of Europe. It includes all mammals currently found in Europe (from northeast Atlantic to Ural Mountains and northern slope of Caucasus...
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 529 vulnerable mammalian species. Of all evaluated mammalian species, 9.6% are listed as vulnerable. The IUCN...
RLTS.T3787A82028427.en. Retrieved 21 December 2023. Castello J. R. (2016 Bovidsof the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives. —...
This listof mammals of Colorado includes every wild mammal species seen in the U.S. state of Colorado, based on the list published by Colorado Parks and...
multiple names: authors list (link) Bro-Jørgensen, J. (2007). "The intensity of sexual selection predicts weapon size in male bovids". Evolution. 61 (6):...
ungulate (hooved) characters from various animated works. This list includes deer, moose, bovids, giraffes, camels, donkeys, and zebras, but excludes fictional...
recently extinct species. Groves and Grubbs Taxonomy of Ungulates is used as a minor reference for the Bovids. Cetacea contains Balaenopteridae) and Odontoceti...
species of this tribe have been found to have a closer relationship with the earliest bovids (like Eotragus species) than do the other bovids. This tribe...
horns, and a tufted tail. It is a bovid, and the smallest member of the genus Oryx, native to desert and steppe areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabian...
Family Bovidae – Bovid hybrids Subfamily Bovinae Dzo, zo or yakow; a cross between a domestic cow/bull and a yak. Beefalo, a cross of an American bison...
domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus...
domestic goat is derived); rather, it is more closely allied with the other bovids known as “goat-antelopes”, including the European chamois (Rupicapra), the...
represented a dry, open, and perhaps, steppe-like environment roamed by equids, bovids, gazelles, rhinoceros, and various predators. Initially, the finds were...
varieties of the mite. They include wild and domesticated dogs and cats (in which it is one cause of mange), ungulates, wild boars, bovids, wombats, koalas...
their findings as indicative of increase of mixed-feeding behaviors in post-Miocene bovids. New fossil material of Miocene bovids is described from five localities...
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