List of World Heritage Sites in Indonesia information
Borobudur
Subak
Komodo National Park
Lorentz National Park
Prambanan
Yogyakarta
Sangiran
Ujung Kulon National Park
Sawahlunto
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Location of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Indonesia. Blue dots indicate the three national parks in Sumatra, comprising the site Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.[1] The convention established that cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Meanwhile, natural heritage consists of physical and biological formations, geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened flora and fauna), and natural sites with scientific, conservation, or aesthetic merits.[2]
The Republic of Indonesia ratified the convention on 6 June 1989, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list.[3] As of 2023[update], there are ten World Heritage Sites in Indonesia, six of which are cultural and four are natural. This means Indonesia possesses the highest number of sites in Southeast Asia.[4] The first four sites to be inscribed to the list were the Borobudur Temple Compounds, the Prambanan Temple Compounds, Ujung Kulon National Park, and Komodo National Park in 1991. The most recent addition to the list was the Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta and its Historic Landmarks in 2023. In 2011, the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra was inscribed to the list of World Heritage in Danger, due to threats posed by poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through the site.[5] In addition, the government of Indonesia has nominated 18 sites on the tentative list,[3] meaning that they intend to consider them for World Heritage Sites nomination in the future.[6]
^"The World Heritage Convention". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
^"Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
^ ab"Indonesia". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 18 November 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
^"World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
^"Danger listing for Indonesia's Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
^"Tentative Lists: Indonesia". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
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