Global InformationLevedi information
| Levedi | |
|---|---|
| first voivode of the Hungarians | |
 Modern portrait by Tamás Tulipán | |
| Reign | early 9th century (?) |
| Successor | Álmos (?) |
| Spouse | Khazar lady |
| Issue | none |
Levedi, or Lebed,[1][2][3] Levedias, Lebedias, and Lebedi[4] (Greek: Λεuεδίας)[5] was a Hungarian chieftain, the first known leader of the Hungarians.[6][7][8][9]
According to Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus' De administrando imperio, because of the alliance and the courage shown by the Hungarian people in all the wars they fought with the Khazars, Levedi, the "first voivode" ("protos voevodos", Greek: πρώτος βοέβοδος) of the Hungarians, who was also famous for his valor, was given a Khazar noble lady in marriage "so that she might have children by him".[10] However, as it turned out, Levedi did not produce offspring with this lady.
Later, after the Khazars defeated the Pechenegs and forced them to resettle in the land of the Hungarians, whom they defeated and split in two, the Khazars picked Levedi, the "first among the Hungarians"[10] and sought to make him the prince of the Hungarian tribes so that he "may be obedient to the [Khazars'] word and [their] command". Thus, according to Constantine, the Khazar khagan initiated the centralization of the command of the Hungarian tribes in order to strengthen his own suzerainty over them.[11][12] Levedi, however, refused, because he wasn't "strong enough for this rule". Instead, Constantine claims, Levedi proposed another Hungarian voivode, Álmos or his son Árpád as prince of the Hungarians.
The Magyar settlement between the Volga river and the Urals the mountains were named Lebedia, soon to become Levedia, after Levedi.[13][1][14][15]
- ^ a b Northern Magill, Frank (1998). Dictionary of World Biography Volume 2. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 86. ISBN 9781579580414.
- ^ Lukinich, Imre (1968). A History of Hungary in Biographical Sketches. Books for Libraries Press. pp. 7–9. ISBN 9780836906356.
- ^ Bartha, Antal (1976). Hungarian Society in the 9th and 10th Centuries Volume 85. Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 48. ISBN 9789630503082.
- ^ Nagy, Sándor (1973). The Forgotten Cradle of the Hungarian Culture. Patria Pub. p. 136. ISBN 9780919368040.
- ^ Tóth 2015, p. 84.
- ^ Pop, Ioan Aurel; Csorvási, Veronica (1996). Romanians and Hungarians from the 9th to the 14th Century The Genesis of the Transylvanian Medieval State. Centrul de Studii Transilvane; Fundația Culturală Român. pp. 62, 227. ISBN 9789735770372.
- ^ Mekhon Ben-Tsevî shel yad Yitsh.ak. Ben-Tsevî (Yerûšālayim) (2007). The World of the Khazars New Perspectives. Brill. p. 274. ISBN 9789004160422.
It is related that sometime earlier the Khazar ruler wanted to promote Levedi, a Hungarian chieftain to become the first arkhon among the Hungarians.
- ^ Frank Northern Magill (2007). Great Events from History: Ancient and Medieval Series: 951-1500. Salem Press. p. 1212.
[...] the temporary settlements of Levedia and Etelköz. The former is called after Levedi, the first Hungarian chieftain to be mentioned by name.
- ^ Gyula Moravcsik, Constantine Porphyrogenitus de Administrando Imperio, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1967, p 171
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
adminwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kristó 1996, pp. 160–161.
- ^ Spinei 2003, p. 33.
- ^ "Grozer Traditional Recurve Bows Hungary".
- ^ Klaniczay, Gábor (2002). Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe. Reaktion Books. p. 435. ISBN 9780521420181.
- ^ Klaniczay, Gábor (2002). Piroska and the Pantokrator Dynastic Memory, Healing and Salvation in Komnenian Constantinople. Central European University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9789633862971.