Leukaspides information

The Leukaspides (Greek: Λευκάσπιδες, lit. 'White Shields') were a group in the Antigonid Macedonian army. Scholars suggest two main possibilities for what precisely they were. The first is that they were equipped in the style of the Macedonian phalanx and were a counterpart to the Chalkaspides ("Bronze Shields"), a group uncontroversially known to be sarissa-wielding hoplites with bronze shields (the pelta and aspis). In this possibility, they were probably only mustered when the Macedonians needed more manpower as a supplemental corps. The second possibility is that the Leukaspides referred to ethnically non-Macedonian troops hired as auxiliaries or mercenaries who fought using thyreos shields, which were wooden, oval-shaped, and covered with hide or felt. Ancient sources refer to a "phalanx" of Leukaspides several times, but in the second possibility, it is assumed that the word "phalanx" is meant in the broad sense of any organized military troop, rather than the specific sense of Greek-style spear phalanxes. Auxiliaries (regardless of whether they were called "white shields" or not) probably fought using whatever their locally trained weaponry was—swords, slings, battle axes, and so on.^[1]

The Leukaspides are reported in ancient sources as troops used by King Antigonus Doson in his campaign against Cleomenes III of Sparta in the 220s BCE, and the white shields of the Leukaspides are mentioned as spoils of war after the Battle of Pydna in 168 BCE.^[1]