Lead white is a thick, opaque, and heavy white pigment composed primarily of basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2, with a crystalline molecular structure.[1]: 67 [2]: 43 It was the most widely produced and used white pigment in different parts of the world from antiquity until the nineteenth century, when it was displaced by zinc white and later by titanium white.[1]: 69 Lead white has maintained relatively consistent production methods across times and regions, yet it has a wide range of applications in different contexts, such as home decoration, art production, and cosmetics.[2]: 43–45 Given its affordability and distinctive visual qualities, lead white was particularly favored and generously used by artists in their paintings.[2]: 44 However, most art supply companies now explicitly advise against the use of lead white because of the risk that it poses of lead poisoning.[3] Even after this drawback was known, it continued to be used in paintings and cosmetics.[2]: 45
^ abGettens, Rutherford J.; Kühn, Hermann; Chase, W. T. (1993). "Lead White". In Roy, Ashok (ed.). Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics. Vol. 2. Archetype. pp. 67–82.
^ abcdSt. Clair, Kassia (2017). "Lead White". The Secret Lives of Color. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 43–46.
^Finlay, Victoria (2002). Color: A Natural History of the Palette. Random House. p. 111.
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