Passerine birds produce song through the vocal organ, the syrinx, which is composed of bilaterally symmetric halves located where the trachea separates into the two bronchi. Using endoscopic techniques, it has been observed that song is produced by air passing between a set of medial and lateral labia on each side of the syrinx.[1] Song is produced bilaterally, in both halves, through each separate set of labia unless air is prevented from flowing through one side of the syrinx. Birds regulate the airflow through the syrinx with muscles—M. syringealis dorsalis and M. tracheobronchialis dorsalis—that control the medial and lateral labia in the syrinx, whose action may close off airflow.[2] Song may, hence, be produced unilaterally through one side of the syrinx when the labia are closed in the opposite side.
^Larsen, O.N.; Goller, F. (2002), "Direct observation of syringeal muscle function in songbirds and a parrot", J. Exp. Biol., 205(Pt 1) (Pt 1): 25–35, doi:10.1242/jeb.205.1.25, PMID 11818409
^Suthers, R.A. (1997), "Peripheral control and lateralization of birdsong", J. Neurobiol., 33 (5): 632–652, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(19971105)33:5<632::AID-NEU10>3.0.CO;2-B, PMID 9369464
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suggesting that lateralization allows for abrupt frequency changes in song. Syrinx (bird anatomy) Bird vocalization Lateralizationof brain function Animal...
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and birdsongs. In non-technical use, birdsongs are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In...
syrinx is located where the trachea forks into the lungs. Thus, lateralizationofbirdsong is possible, and some songbirds can produce more than one sound...
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and function oflateralization in the avian brain". Brain Research Bulletin. Special Issue:Brain Mechanisms, Cognition and Behaviour in Birds. 76 (3): 235–244...
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