Direct solar radiation, at the various wavelengths indicated in nanometers, as measured at Niamey Niger on 24 December 2006, with a Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR). Measurements are plotted as a function of time in UTC.
Langley extrapolation is a method for determining the Sun's irradiance at the top of the atmosphere with ground-based instrumentation, and is often used to remove the effect of the atmosphere from measurements of, for example, aerosol optical thickness or ozone.[1][2] It is based on repeated measurements with a Sun photometer operated at a given location for a cloudless morning or afternoon as the Sun moves across the sky. It is named for American astronomer and physicist Samuel Pierpont Langley.
^Blumthaler, M.; Ambach, W.; Blasbichler, A. (1997). "Measurements of the spectral aerosol optical depth using a sun photometer". Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 57 (1–2): 95. Bibcode:1997ThApC..57...95B. doi:10.1007/BF00867980. S2CID 121460704.
^Adler-Golden, S. M.; Slusser, J. R. (2007). "Comparison of Plotting Methods for Solar Radiometer Calibration". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 24 (5): 935. Bibcode:2007JAtOT..24..935A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.535.6089. doi:10.1175/JTECH2012.1.
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Langleyextrapolation is a method for determining the Sun's irradiance at the top of the atmosphere with ground-based instrumentation, and is often used...
Observation platforms, such as AErosol RObotic NETwork, or AERONET. Langleyextrapolation Gregory L. Schuster, Oleg Dubovik and Brent N. Holben (2006): "Angstrom...
given by Beer's law. The atmospheric effect can be removed with Langleyextrapolation; this method therefore allows measuring the solar extraterrestrial...
What happened to the Princes in the Tower?, BBC History: 2013 "Philippa Langley". revealingrichardiii.com. Retrieved 28 November 2023. Smith, Louie (29...
Nevertheless, their thermodynamic properties are well-defined, usually by an extrapolation from some limiting condition, such as zero pressure or zero concentration...
of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester...
buildings and allow for the presence of roads and cars to allow for extrapolation outside of the picture. Outcrops and appendages were added to break...
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travels briefly with unruly boy-genius Adam Mitchell, played by Bruno Langley, and with 51st-century con man and former "Time Agent" Captain Jack Harkness...
performed by Neanderthals. The limits of the archaeological record stymie extrapolation from burial to funeral rites, though evidence of grave goods and unusual...
and the finding that AR5 projections were likely too slow next to an extrapolation of observed sea level rise trends, while the subsequent reports had...
website for several months. Like Psychoderelict, it was yet another extrapolation of Lifehouse and Ray High & The Glass Household. In 1997 Townshend signed...
(2012). Word bearers omnibus (print). Word Bearers. Cover art by Clint Langley (omnibus ed.). Nottingham, UK: Black Library. ISBN 978-1-84970-104-4. ——...
2022. Central Intelligence Agency (2016). "Uruguay". The World Factbook. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 1 January 2017. "Costa...
oceanography to measure the volumetric rate of transport of ocean currents. The langley (symbol Ly) is used to measure solar radiation or insolation. It is equal...
demonstration of fusion in the lab. 1938 Kantrowitz and Jacobs of the NACA Langley Research Center built a toroidal magnetic bottle and heat the plasma with...
Laws". The Atlantic. January 18, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014. Karen Langley (October 2, 2012). "Judge blocks enforcement of portion of Pa. voter ID...
ISBN 978-92-5-105195-5. Archived from the original on 17 June 2014. Kemppainen JA, Langley E, Wong CI, Bobseine K, Kelce WR, Wilson EM (March 1999). "Distinguishing...
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