For the pyrotechnic flare used to illuminate a runway, see Flare (pyrotechnic).
Piper PA-28 Cherokee flaring for landingAn easyJet Airbus A320 flares at Bristol Airport, England
The landing flare, also referred to as the round out,[1] is a maneuver or stage during the landing of an aircraft.[2][3][4]
The flare follows the final approach phase and precedes the touchdown and roll-out phases of landing. In the flare, the nose of the plane is raised, slowing the descent rate and therefore creating a softer touchdown, and the proper attitude is set for touchdown. In the case of tailwheel landing gear-equipped aircraft, the attitude is set for touchdown on the main (front) landing gear first. In the case of tricycle gear-equipped aircraft, the attitude is set for touchdown on the main (rear) landing gear. In the case of monowheel gear-equipped gliders, the flare consists only of leveling the aircraft.[2][3][4]
In parachuting, the flare is the part of the parachute landing fall preceding ground contact and is executed about 15 feet (5 m) above ground.[5]
During a helicopter landing, a flare is used for reducing both vertical and horizontal speed thus allowing a near zero-speed touchdown.[6]
^Flight Standards Service (2016). Airplane Flying Handbook. Federal Aviation Administration. pp. 8–6. FAA-H-8083-3B.
^ abTransport Canada (1994). Aeroplane Flight Training Manual (4th ed.). Gage Educational Publishing. p. 105. ISBN 0-7715-5115-0.
^ abKaiserG, John W. (1977). How to Fly Book: Cessna 150. Victoria Flying Club. p. 33.
^ abReichman, Helmut (1980). Flying Sailplanes. Thomson Publications. p. 51. LCCN 80-52798.
^Poynter, Dan; Turoff, Mike (2003). Parachuting: The Skydiver's Handbook. Para Publishing. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-56860-087-1. Retrieved 15 October 2011 – via Google Books. Flare at 15', push both toggles down to pelvis....or blow the timing on the landing flare.
^Newman, Simon (1994). The Foundations of Helicopter Flight. Halsted Press. ISBN 978-0-470-23394-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011 – via Google Books. ...the final part of the autorotative manoeuvre. This is the landing flare prior to touchdown, which is necessary to arrest the vertical descent rate of the helicopter.
The landingflare, also referred to as the round out, is a maneuver or stage during the landing of an aircraft. The flare follows the final approach phase...
A flare, also sometimes called a fusée, fusee, or bengala, bengalo in several European countries, is a type of pyrotechnic that produces a bright light...
flaps, landing gear or speed brakes. When a fixed-wing aircraft approaches the ground, the pilot will move the control column back to execute a flare or round-out...
elevated risk of cranial injury due to improperly executed parachute landings. Landingflare Field Manual No. 3-21.220 (57-220) Static Line Parachuting Techniques...
flare as the co-pilot preferred. In this particular instance, the captain was piloting the landing and said, "All right. Give them to me on the flare...
carrier-type, no-flarelanding technique has to be adopted to reduce touchdown scatter. For example, the Saab 37 Viggen, with landing gear designed for...
aircraft's height above the ground very precisely so as to initiate the landingflare at the correct height (usually about 50 feet (15 m)). The localizer...
bottoming landing gear struts and tires; provide a syllabus for simulator training on the execution of stabilized approaches to the landingflare, the identification...
had to apply back pressure on the yoke for the landingflare. Additionally, the approach and landing had to be made at high speed to prevent the sink...
computer-imposed limits also prevented him from achieving the optimal landingflare for the ditching, which would have softened the impact. The reactions...
Final descent, flare and landing. During the transition from take-off to cruise there is a 5-second transition, from descent to flare there is a two-second...
demands a higher sink rate and means that a very sudden transition to the landingflare must occur for survival, with little room for error. During the 1900s...
the landingflare. The conventional landing gear of the B-17 allowed for a non-retractable mount, but if the plane was required to do a belly landing (such...
glide ratios and a small tolerance, or "sweet spot", for timing the landingflare. Because of their predictable opening characteristics, parachutes with...
landing on runway 23. Due to high winds gusting to between 50 and 80 knots, the aircraft had executed a missed approach, and upon the landingflare of...
Practice bomb Type 96 landingflareLandingflare 5 kg parachute flare Model 2 mod 1 Type 0 parachute flare Model 1 Type 0 parachute flare Model 1 mod 1 Type...
over the runway while still at flight speed. The landing consists of the final approach phase, the flare, the touchdown, and roll-out phase. Seaplanes and...
tasks. While landing, the autobrake can help to free up the pilot to allow monitoring other systems (such as the execution of the landingflare). There are...
on the landing gear of the airplane. Sideslip Approach Airplane approaches the runway in steady sideslip, maintains the sideslip during flare and touch...
Approach (APR): From IAF or 300 m (1000 ft) elevation to landingflare. Landing (LDG): Landingflare through to exit from runway. Unknown (UNK): Unable to...
Moon landing conspiracy theories claim that some or all elements of the Apollo program and the associated Moon landings were hoaxes staged by NASA, possibly...
nose of the aircraft. This can cause a serious condition during the landingflare when the nose cannot be raised sufficiently to slow the aircraft. An...
Global Information
