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Throughout history, numerous members of royal and noble houses have engaged in same-sex relationships. However, even in jurisdictions where homosexuality was not prohibited or proscribed by law or religious edicts, titles of aristocracy were almost always directly transferred through married spouses of the opposite sex and their offspring (except when certain titles could be inherited by relatives upon a childless death). Nevertheless, queer relationships occurred before, during, and outside such arrangements, as romance and marriage have widely historically been seen as two very different things.[1]
It is important to note that the terms 'homosexuality' and 'heterosexuality' did not exist until the late 19th century.[2] For much of human history, most societies around the world did not view sexuality in modern binary terms. Indeed, many of these cultures had variously tolerated, acknowledged, accepted, or celebrated diverse sexualities and genders, before encountering Western colonial powers, Christian influence, and anti-gay mindsets.[3][4] In any case, widespread historical acceptance of queerness is reflected in LGBT history around the world, including that of heads of state.
Needless to say, this list, due to incomplete records and bias, is incomplete.
^Prager, Sarah (2020-06-10). "In Han Dynasty China, Bisexuality Was the Norm". JSTOR Daily. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
^"glbtq >> social sciences >> Kertbeny, Károly Mária". 2012-09-27. Archived from the original on 2012-09-27. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
^Myers-Shirk, Susan E. (January 2004). "Homosexuality and Civilization". History: Reviews of New Books. 32 (3): 121. doi:10.1080/03612759.2004.10528712. ISSN 0361-2759. S2CID 142924762.
^"New York Times New York State Poll, March 1999". ICPSR Data Holdings. 1999-06-16. doi:10.3886/icpsr02725. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
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