Global InformationKurdish Hezbollah information
| Kurdish Hezbollah | |
|---|---|
| Hizbullahî Kurdî (Kurdish) Kürt Hizbullahı (Turkish) | |
         Various color flags commonly used by the Kurdish Hezbollah | |
| Leaders | Hüseyin Velioğlu † İsa Altsoy[1] |
| Dates of operation | 1983[2] – present |
| Active regions | Turkey |
| Ideology | Kurdish nationalism Social conservatism National conservatism Islamism Anti-Zionism Anti-communism Sunni-Shia unity[3] |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Allies | Free Cause Party Iran (alleged by Turkey) |
| Opponents |  Turkey  PKK |
| Battles and wars | Kurdish Hezbollah insurgency |
| Designated as a terrorist group by | Turkey[4] |
Kurdish Hezbollah (Kurdish: حیزبوڵڵای کورد, romanized: Hizbullahî Kurdî, Turkish: Kürt Hizbullahı)[1][5][6] or Hizbullah,[7] is a Kurdish Sunni Islamist militant organization,[8][9][6][10] active against Turkey,[11][12][13] and the PKK (mainly in the period between 1992 and 1995).[9] It is derogatorily known by its critics as Hizbulkontra (Party of Contra), Hizbulvahşet (Party of Barbarianism), and Hizbulşeytan (Party of the Devil).[14] They are also derogatorily known as Sofîk, which is a diminutive of "Sofu", which means "devout" or "practicing".[15][16]
The group, founded by Hüseyin Velioğlu, remains a primarily Kurdish group that has its roots in the predominantly Kurdish southeast of Turkey and among Kurds who migrated to the cities in Western Turkey.[17] The Kurdish Hezbollah began shifting increasingly towards Kurdish nationalism during Velioğlu's final years, and after Velioğlu's death, under İsa Altsoy's leadership, they disarmed and began focusing on charity work for the Kurdish population under various organizations.[18][19][20] The Hezbollah reestablished in 2003 in southeastern Turkey and "today its ideology might be more widespread then ever among Kurds there".[21] Turkish Hezbollah's influence was not limited to Turkey and it has also "left an imprint on Turkish Kurds in Germany."[8] The Kurdish Hezbollah is closely affiliated with the Free Cause Party (HÜDA PAR).[22]
Despite similar names, Kurdish Hezbollah has no relationship whatsoever with Hezbollah of Lebanon, the Kurdish Revolutionary Hezbollah or the Kurdish Hezbollah of Iran.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
KHwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Growing Influence of the Hezbollah. Qantara.de (2006-12-29). Retrieved on 2011-02-09.
- ^ "Hüseyin Velioğlu'nun Hayatı ve Mücadelesi -27". hurseda.net. 2024-06-03. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ^ Türkiye'de Halen Faalıyetlerıne Devam Eden Başlica Terör Örgütlerı Archived 2013-01-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Turkish). Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü.
- ^ The real challenge to secular Turkey, The Economist, 31 Aug 2006
- ^ a b TTurkish Hezbollah (Hizbullah) / Kurdish Hezbollah Archived 2015-01-02 at the Wayback Machine, turkishweekly.net
- ^ Aslı Aydıntaşbaş, Murder on the Bosporus, Middle East Quarterly, June 2000, pp. 15–22, Meforum.org. Retrieved on 2011-02-09.
- ^ a b Steinberg, Guido W. (2013-06-25). German Jihad: On the Internationalization of Islamist Terrorism. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-50053-1.
- ^ a b "Ḥizbullāh - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from the original on February 26, 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ^ Sevinc, Bilal (2008). "Participation in Terrorist Organizations: An Analysis of Left Wing DHKP/C." Michigan State University. Criminal Justice. ISBN 9781109035827. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
- ^ Gareth Jenkins Tales from the crypt Archived 2005-12-15 at the Wayback Machine, Al-Ahram Weekly, 3–9 February 2000, Issue No. 467
- ^ Ufuk Hiçyılmaz, Aksiyon, 31 January 2005, Maskeli Hizbullah’ın hedefi cemaatler
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
corrywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Hizbullah, Hizbul Kontra, Hizbul Şeytan, Hizbul Vahşet ve Hüda Par – Çetin Yılmaz (jiyan.org)". sendika.org (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-03-03.
- ^ Çelik, Adnan (2021-05-09). "'Keep your mouth shut in the day and your door shut at night.': Intra-Kurdish Violence in the Shadow of the State: The case of Hizbullah in Turkish Kurdistan". Kurdish Studies. 9 (1): 37–57. doi:10.33182/ks.v9i1.563. ISSN 2051-4891.
Before that date, the townsfolk had generally regarded the few members of Hizbullah there as sofîk (diminutive of 'sofu', meaning 'bigot' and denoting a certain contempt with a touch of humour).
- ^ https://www.academia.edu/81034784/Kurdish_Hizbullah_in_Turkey_Islamism_Violence_and_the_State r. 166 "Sofîk is a disparaging diminutive of the word sofu (devout) in Kurdish."
- ^ Steinberg, Guido W. (2013-06-25). German Jihad: On the Internationalization of Islamist Terrorism. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-50053-1.
- ^ Elitsoy, Aslı (June 2017). The Kurdish Hizbullah and Its Shifting Attitude towards Kurdishness and the Kurdish Issue in Turkey.
- ^ "Release of Radical Group's Leaders Causes Shock in Turkey". Voice of America. 2011-01-31. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ Zaken (1 October 2016). "Thematisch Ambtsbericht". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Ministerie van Algemene Zaken. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- ^ *German Jihad: On the Internationalisation of Islamist Terrorism by Guido Steinberg. Columbia University Press, 2013
- ^ "Hizbullah: Tebliğ, Cemaat, Cihat". Bianet. 13 April 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2020.