500 in Mexico (2020 census)[1] 40–50 in the United States (2007)[2]
Language family
Yuman
Core Yuman
Delta–California
Kumeyaay
Dialects
Kwatl
Language codes
ISO 639-3
dih (as part of Diegueño)
Glottolog
kumi1248 Tipai kwat1246 Kwatl
ELP
Kumeyaay
Kumeyaay (Kumiai), also known as Central Diegueño, Kamia, 'Iipay Aa, and Campo, is the Native American language spoken by the Kumeyaay people of southern San Diego and Imperial counties in California as well as five Kumiai communities in Baja California Norte, MX.
Hinton in 1994 suggested a conservative estimate of 50 native speakers of Kumeyaay.[3] A more liberal estimate (including speakers of 'Iipay and Tiipay), supported by the results of the Census 2000, is 110 people in the US, including 15 persons under the age of 18.[citation needed] There were 377 speakers reported in the 2010 Mexican census, including 88 who called their language "Cochimi".[4]
Kumeyaay belongs to the Yuman language family and to the Delta–California branch of that family. Kumeyaay and its neighbors, 'Iipay to the north and Tiipay to the south, were often considered to be dialects of a single Diegueño language, but the 1990 consensus among linguists seems to be that at least three distinct languages are present within the dialect chain.[5]
Confusingly, Kumeyaay is commonly used as a designation both for the central language of this family and for the 'Iipay-Tiipay-Kumeyaay people as a whole. Tiipay is also commonly used as a collective designation for speakers of both Kumeyaay and Tiipay proper.
^Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020 INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020.
^"Kumiai". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
^Hinton, Leanne (1994). Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages. Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books.
^Langdon, Margaret (1990). "Diegueño: how many languages?". In Redden, James E. (ed.). Proceedings of the 1990 Hokan–Penutian Languages Workshop. Carbondale: University of Southern Illinois. pp. 184–190.
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