Kō Rājakēsarivarman alias Chakravarti Kulōttunga Chōladeva[3]
Dynasty
Chola (mother's side)
Eastern Chalukya (father's side)
Father
Rajaraja Narendra
Mother
Amangai Devi
Religion
Hinduism
Signature
Kulottunga I (/kʊˈloʊtʊŋɡə/; Middle Tamil: Kulōttuṅka Cōḻaṉ; Classical Sanskrit: Kulottuṅgā Cōḷa; 1025–1122) also spelt Kulothunga (lit.'The Exalter of His Race'), born Rajendra Chalukya (Telugu: Rājēndra Cāḷukyuḍu), was a Chola Emperor who reigned from 1070 to 1122 succeeding his cousin Athirajendra Chola.[4] He also served as the Eastern Chalukya monarch from 1061 to 1118, succeeding his father Rajaraja Narendra.[5][6] He is related to the Chola dynasty through his mother's side and the Eastern Chalukyas through his father's side. His mother, Ammangaidevi, was a Chola princess and the daughter of emperor Rajendra I. His father was king Rajaraja Narendra of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty who was the nephew of Rajendra and maternal grandson of Rajaraja I. According to historian Sailendra Nath Sen, his accession marked the beginning of a new era and ushered in a period of internal peace and benevolent administration.[7]
Kulottunga had diplomatic relations with the northern Indian city Kannauj and also with distant countries like Cambodia, Srivijaya, Khmer, Pagan (Burma) and China.[8] He established Chola overlordship over the Srivijayan province of Kedah in Malay Peninsula.[9] An inscription in a Taoist temple in Guangzhou, dated to 1079, declares Kulottunga, King of Chulien (Chola) to be the supreme chief of the Land of San-fo-tsi (Srivijaya). According to Tan Yeok Seong, the editor of the inscription, Kulottunga ruled both the Chola and Srivijayan kingdoms.[10] In the small Leyden grant that is dated to 1090, the king of Kadaram (Srivijaya) is mentioned as a vassal of Kulottunga.[11] Like his predecessors, Kulottunga was a patron of arts and literature and the much celebrated Tamil poem Kalingattuparani was composed during his rule by poet Jayamkondaan who lived in his court.[12] His records also testify to the highly organised system of fiscal and local administration.[13][8] During his reign Kulottunga carried out a massive land survey that formed the basis for taxation.[13][8]
Kulatunga died around 1122 around the age of 97, although this is disputed.[14] This makes him one of the longest living monarchs in the Middle Ages. He was succeeded by his son Vikrama Chola. According to historian Nilakanta Sastri, Kulottunga avoided unnecessary wars and evinced a true regard for the well-being of his subjects. He had a long and prosperous reign characterized by unparalleled success that laid the foundation for the well being of the empire for the next 150 years.[15]
^S. R. Balasubrahmanyam, B. Natarajan, Balasubrahmanyan Ramachandran. Later Chola Temples: Kulottunga I to Rajendra III (A.D. 1070-1280), Parts 1070-1280. Mudgala Trust, 1979. p. 151.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Government Of Madras Staff, Government of Madras. Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Brought Upto 1938. Asian Educational Services, 1942 - Nellore (India : District). p. 39.
^P. V. Jagadisa Ayyar (1982). South Indian Shrines: Illustrated. Asian Educational Services. p. 49. ISBN 978-81-206-0151-2.
^Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 46–49. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
^www.wisdomlib.org (5 August 2017). "Kulottunga I (a.d. 1070 to 1125) [Chapter I]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
^"RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM MUNICIPAL CORPORATION". rmc.ap.gov.in. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
^Cite error: The named reference Ancient Indian History and Civilization was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcEncyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern by Raj Kumar p.116
^ Singapore in Global History by Derek Thiam Soon Heng, Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied p.40
^Hermann Kulke, K Kesavapany, Vijay Sakhuja. Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009. p. 71.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Benjamin Lewis Rice. Mysore Gazetteer, Volume 2, Part 2. Government Press, 1930. p. 1030.
^A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular by Sisir Kumar Das p.209
^ abThe Cambridge Shorter History of India p.191
^Kesavapany, K.; Kulke, Hermann; Sakhuja, Vijay (eds.). Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa : Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia (Tamil ed.). ISBN 978-981-4345-32-3. OCLC 1100455056. Kulatunga was 43 during revolts in srivijaya in 1068, therefore he was born around 1025
^K. A. N. Sastri (1955). The Cōḷas. University of Madras. p. 301.
support of Rajaraja I. According to the small Leyden grant, this Vihara was known as Rajaraja-perumpalli during the reign of KulottungaI.. Rajaraja dedicated...
Chalukya Rajaraja Narendra and the mother of KulottungaI) are the known daughters of Rajendra. Rajendra Chola I built several sites. Rajendra built Gangaikondacholapuram...
Perumal dynasty of medieval Kerala. He was a contemporary to Chola kings KulottungaI (1070–1120) and Vikrama Chola (1118–35 AD). Rama Kulaskehara is best...
inscriptions from Avani and Uttanur in Mulbagal Taluk dated in the 3rd year of KulottungaI (about 1072-1073 CE) describe how the great army of the right hand class...
general of Chola Emperor KulottungaI. He is renowned for leading the Chola invasion of Kalinga during the reign of KulottungaI and is the hero of Jayamkondar's...
period of steady decline and ultimately, demise of the Cholas by 1280 CE. Kulottunga III had alliances with the Hoysalas. The Hoysala king Veera Ballala married...
before or since and the final phase during the Chalukya Chola period of KulottungaI till the demise of the Chola empire. The Cholas in addition to their...
Amirthakateshwarar Thirukkoil temple, constructed during the reign of Cholas by KulottungaI. The temple and the village are well known in Ponniyin Selvan history...
town. It was also called CholakulaVallipattinam during the period of KulottungaI, named after one of his queens, when it was one of the important ports...
Kulottunga Chola I administered the province through his sons, whom he sent there as viceroys. There was a prolonged fight between Kulottunga Chola I...
1125 AD by Kongalvan, who was a chieftain under the rule of Chola king KulottungaI. The dam was constructed in the 17th century by Maharaja of Mysore using...
Bharatanatyam, the Tamil heritage, page 42 Middle Chola temples: Rajaraja I to KulottungaI (A.D. 985–1070), page 266 Archaeology and art: Krishna Deva felicitation...
Rajendra Chola I and other Chola emperors such as Rajaditya Chola, Rajaraja Chola I, Rajadhiraja Chola I, Kulottunga Chola I, Kulottunga Chola III. Shiva...
37. S.R., Balasubramanyam (1975). Middle Chola temples Rajaraja I to KulottungaI (AD. 985-1070) (PDF). Thomson Press (India) Limited. pp. 104–6. ISBN 978-9060236079...
Gonka I was a Telugu king and the first of Velanati Chodas who ruled from 1076 to 1108. Gonka I ruled as a vassal to KulottungaI of Later Cholas of Gangaikonda...
inscriptions of Rajaraja Chola I, twenty nine inscriptions of Rajendra Chola I, one each of Vikrama Chola, KulottungaI and Rajamahendra (Rajendra II)...
It was constructed in the early 11th century CE by the Chola Emperor KulottungaI and was expanded further in 1336 by the Emperors of Vijayanagara. "Mandal...
Naralokaviran alias Porkoyil Tondaiman who served as generals under KulottungaI. The poet Kambar wrote Silaiyezhupathu about Karunagara Tondaiman. The...
Kulothunga was the name of several later Chola kings in India: Kulothunga I, reigned 1070–1120 Kulothunga II, reigned 1135–1150 Kulothunga III, reigned...
ISBN 978-81-206-1074-3. S. R. Balasubrahmanyam (1979). Later Chola Temples: KulottungaI to Rajendra III (A.D. 1070-1280). Mudgala Trust. p. 255. OCLC 847060842...
pages. p. 360. S. R. Balasubrahmanyam. Middle Chola Temples: Rajaraja I to KulottungaI, A.D. 985-1070. Thomson Press (India), 1975 - Hindu temples - 424...
Bharatanatyam, the Tamil heritage, page 42 Middle Chola temples: Rajaraja I to KulottungaI (A.D. 985–1070), page 266 South Indian shrines: illustrated, page...
ISBN 9788170174318. S.R., Balasubramanyam (1975). Middle Chola temples Rajaraja I to KulottungaI (AD. 985-1070) (PDF). Thomson Press (India) Limited. pp. 210–1. ISBN 978-9060236079...
during the reigns of Raja Raja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Jayasimha II, Someshvara I and Vikramaditya VI and KulottungaI. In 1294, Alauddin Khalji, emperor...
Chola king Rajendra Chola I. However, historian S.N. Sen states that Anantavarman was the maternal grandson of KulottungaI. The Jagannath Temple at Puri...