This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Krypton (disambiguation).
Chemical element, symbol Kr and atomic number 36
Krypton, 36Kr
A krypton-filled discharge tube glowing white
Krypton
Pronunciation
/ˈkrɪptɒn/(KRIP-ton)
Appearance
colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in an electric field
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Kr)
83.798±0.002[1]
83.798±0.002 (abridged)[2]
Krypton in the periodic table
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Caesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury (element)
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Darmstadtium
Roentgenium
Copernicium
Nihonium
Flerovium
Moscovium
Livermorium
Tennessine
Oganesson
Ar ↑ Kr ↓ Xe
bromine ← krypton → rubidium
Atomic number (Z)
36
Group
group 18 (noble gases)
Period
period 4
Block
p-block
Electron configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 8
Physical properties
Phase at STP
gas
Melting point
115.78 K (−157.37 °C, −251.27 °F)
Boiling point
119.93 K (−153.415 °C, −244.147 °F)
Density (at STP)
3.749 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.)
2.413 g/cm3[3]
Triple point
115.775 K, 73.53 kPa[4][5]
Critical point
209.48 K, 5.525 MPa[5]
Heat of fusion
1.64 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization
9.08 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
20.95[6] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P(Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T(K)
59
65
74
84
99
120
Atomic properties
Oxidation states
0, +1, +2 (rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown)
Electronegativity
Pauling scale: 3.00
Ionization energies
1st: 1350.8 kJ/mol
2nd: 2350.4 kJ/mol
3rd: 3565 kJ/mol
Covalent radius
116±4 pm
Van der Waals radius
202 pm
Spectral lines of krypton
Other properties
Natural occurrence
primordial
Crystal structure
face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant
a = 583.57 pm (at triple point: 115.78 K)[7]
Thermal conductivity
9.43×10−3 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering
diamagnetic[8]
Molar magnetic susceptibility
−28.8×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[9]
Speed of sound
(gas, 20 °C) 221 m·s−1 (liquid) 1120 m/s
CAS Number
7439-90-9
History
Discovery and first isolation
William Ramsay and Morris Travers (1898)
Isotopes of krypton
v
e
Main isotopes[10]
Decay
abundance
half-life (t1/2)
mode
product
78Kr
0.360%
9.2×1021 y[11]
εε
78Se
79Kr
synth
35 h
ε
79Br
β+
79Br
γ
–
80Kr
2.29%
stable
81Kr
trace
2.3×105 y
ε
81Br
81mKr
synth
13.10 s
IT
81Kr
ε
81Br
82Kr
11.6%
stable
83Kr
11.5%
stable
84Kr
57.0%
stable
85Kr
trace
11 y
β−
85Rb
86Kr
17.3%
stable
Category: Krypton
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Krypton (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptos 'the hidden one') is a chemical element; it has symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas that occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Krypton is chemically inert.
Krypton, like the other noble gases, is used in lighting and photography. Krypton light has many spectral lines, and krypton plasma is useful in bright, high-powered gas lasers (krypton ion and excimer lasers), each of which resonates and amplifies a single spectral line. Krypton fluoride also makes a useful laser medium. From 1960 to 1983, the official definition of meter was based on the wavelength of one spectral line of krypton-86, because of the high power and relative ease of operation of krypton discharge tubes.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Krypton". CIAAW. 2001.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^Krypton. encyclopedia.airliquide.com
^"Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2005.
^ abHaynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.121. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
^Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.
^Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
^Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^
Patrignani, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2016). "Review of Particle Physics". Chinese Physics C. 40 (10): 100001. Bibcode:2016ChPhC..40j0001P. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001. See p. 768
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