Global InformationKruskal count information
The Kruskal count[1][2] (also known as Kruskal's principle,[3][4][5][6][7] Dynkin–Kruskal count,[8] Dynkin's counting trick,[9] Dynkin's card trick,[10][11][12][13] coupling card trick[14][15][16] or shift coupling[10][11][12][13]) is a probabilistic concept originally demonstrated by the Russian mathematician Evgenii Borisovich Dynkin in the 1950s or 1960s[when?] discussing coupling effects[14][15][9][16] and rediscovered as a card trick by the American mathematician Martin David Kruskal in the early 1970s[17][nb 1] as a side-product while working on another problem.[18] It was published by Kruskal's friend[19] Martin Gardner[20][1] and magician Karl Fulves in 1975.[21] This is related to a similar trick published by magician Alexander F. Kraus in 1957 as Sum total[22][23][24][25] and later called Kraus principle.[2][7][25][18]
Besides uses as a card trick, the underlying phenomenon has applications in cryptography, code breaking, software tamper protection, code self-synchronization, control-flow resynchronization, design of variable-length codes and variable-length instruction sets, web navigation, object alignment, and others.
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Gardner_1978was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Gardner_1989was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Haga-Robins_1995was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Pollard_1978was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Pollard_2000_1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Pollard_2000_2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
MacTier_2000was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Artymowicz_2020was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Jiang_2010was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Barthe_2016was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Barthe-Grégoire-Hsu-Strub_2016was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Barthe-Espitau-Grégoire-Hsu-Stefanesco-Strub_2017was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Hsu_2018was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Durrett_1991was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Kovchegov_2007was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Weinhold_2011was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Diaconis-Graham_2012was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Nishiyama_2013was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Farrell_2010was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Gardner_1975was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Fulves_1975was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kraus_1957was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kraus_1958was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Ransom-Katz_1958was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Havil_2008was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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