China (de facto, 1898–1912; de jure, 1898–1993) British Hong Kong (de facto, 1912–1941 and 1945–1993) Japan (de facto, 1941–1945)
District
Kowloon City District
Area
Kowloon City
Settled
c. 1898
Demolished
1993–1994
Government
• Type
Ungoverned
Area
• Total
2.6 ha (6.4 acres)
Population
(1990)
• Total
35,000
• Density
1,300,000/km2 (3,500,000/sq mi)
Kowloon Walled City
Traditional Chinese
九龍城寨
Simplified Chinese
九龙城寨
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Jiǔlóng Chéng Zhài
Bopomofo
ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ ㄓㄞˋ
Wade–Giles
Chiu3-lung2 Chai4 Chʻeng2
Tongyong Pinyin
Jiǒulóng Chéng Jhài
IPA
[tɕjòʊ.lʊ̌ŋ ʈʂʰə̌ŋʈʂâɪ]
Hakka
Romanization
Giu3liung2 shang2 cai4
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Gáulùhng Sìhng Jaaih
Jyutping
gau2 lung4 sing4 zaai6
IPA
[kɐu˧˥ loŋ˩ seŋ˩ tsaːi˨]
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
九龍城寨
Simplified Chinese
九龙城寨
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Jiǔlóng Chéng Zhài
Bopomofo
ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ ㄓㄞˋ
Wade–Giles
Chiu3-lung2 Chʻeng2 Chai4
Tongyong Pinyin
Jiǒulóng Chéng Jhài
IPA
[tɕjòʊ.lʊ̌ŋ ʈʂʰə̌ŋ ʈʂâɪ]
Hakka
Romanization
Giu3liung2 shang2 cai4
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Gáulùhng Sìhng Jaaih
Jyutping
gau2 lung4 sing4 zaai6
IPA
[kɐu˧˥ loŋ˩ seŋ˩ tsaːi˨]
Kowloon Walled City was an extremely densely populated and largely ungoverned enclave of China within the boundaries of Kowloon City, British Hong Kong.
Built as an Imperial Chinese military fort, the walled city became a de jure enclave after the New Territories were leased to the United Kingdom in 1898. Its population increased dramatically after the end of the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong during World War II, attracting mostly refugees fleeing the renewed Chinese Civil War.
By the late 1980s, the walled city contained roughly 35,000 residents[1] within its territory of 2.6 hectares (6.4 acres; 26,000 m2). There was largely no governing of the city, therefore the city's citizens and businesses had no building codes to adhere to. Businesses that dealt in otherwise banned products, like dog meat, thrived. From the 1950s to the 1970s, it was controlled by local triads and had high rates of prostitution, gambling, and drug abuse.[2]
In January 1987, the British colonial government announced plans to demolish the walled city. After an arduous eviction process, and the transfer of de jure sovereignty of the enclave from China to Britain, demolition began in March 1993 and was completed in April 1994.[3]
Kowloon Walled City Park opened in December 1995 and occupies the area of the former walled city. Some historical artefacts from the walled city, including its yamen building and remnants of its southern gate, have been preserved there.
^Cite error: The named reference scmp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Infographic: Life Inside The Kowloon Walled City". ArchDaily. 18 April 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
^McHugh, Fionnuala (30 August 2014). "How Kowloon Walled City survived attempts to knock it down for almost a century". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
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