The Koniuchy massacre (Polish: Zbrodnia w Koniuchach) or the Kaniūkai massacre (Lithuanian: Kaniūkų žudynės) was a World War II massacre of civilians, mostly women and children,[1][2] carried out in the village of Koniuchy (now Kaniūkai, Lithuania) on 29 January 1944 by a Soviet partisan unit together with a contingent of Jewish partisans under Soviet command.[3] At least 38 civilians who have been identified by name were killed, and more than a dozen were injured.[3] In addition, houses were burned and livestock was slaughtered.[4] It was the largest atrocity committed by the Soviet partisans in present-day Lithuania.[5]
Sources on the massacre are scarce, fragmentary, and biased hindering objective evaluation of the events.[6] Prior to the massacre, to defend from Soviet partisan raids, the village had formed an armed self-defense force with the encouragement and backing of the German-sponsored Lithuanian Auxiliary Police. The strength and role of this self-defense force is a matter of controversy. According to Soviet and Jewish sources, the force was large and well-armed and was a significant hindrance to the partisan activity in the vicinity.[7][8] According to Lithuanian and Polish sources, the force was 25–30 men armed with a few rifles.[9][10]
The events were investigated by authorities in Poland (2001) and Lithuania (2004). Lithuania opened a pretrial investigation against the former Jewish partisan Yitzhak Arad and sought to question other surviving Jewish veterans – the action was met with protests and accusations of hypocrisy and antisemitism.[3] Lithuania closed the investigation in 2008; Poland closed its investigation in 2018. The massacre remains controversial and politically charged. Some coverage of this event has been criticized for exaggerating the role of the Jewish partisans in this raid; others for trying to minimize or justify the massacre.[7][11]
^Cite error: The named reference ipn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Zizas 2003, p. 37.
^ abcCite error: The named reference suziedelis2001 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Zizas 2014, p. 491.
^Zizas 2014, p. 493.
^Zizas 2003, p. 33.
^ abCite error: The named reference polonsky2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference fuerstenberg was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Zizas 2014, pp. 470–471.
^Cite error: The named reference krajewski was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference chodawkiewicz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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