Kmara (Georgian: კმარა, lit.'Enough') was a civic youth resistance movement in Georgia, active in the protests prior to and during the November 2003 Rose Revolution, which toppled down the government of Eduard Shevardnadze. Consciously modeled on the Serbian nongovernmental organization (NGO) Otpor!, which had been instrumental in defeating Slobodan Milošević's regime in 2000, the Kmara members were trained and advised by the influential Georgian NGO Liberty Institute and funded by the United States-based Open Society Institute (OSI). The movement was a hybrid of social movement and virtual NGO, which was highly successful in mobilizing the young Georgians, mostly students, against Shevardnadze's rule. Although Kmara was allied with the opposition parties, especially Mikheil Saakashvili's United National Movement, its behavior and tactics were nonpartisan, focusing on criticizing corruption and failures of the Shevardnadze regime, rather than promoting any particular politician or political party.[1]
^Mitchell, Lincoln A. (2009). Uncertain democracy: U.S. foreign policy and Georgia's Rose Revolution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-0812241273.
Kmara (Georgian: კმარა, lit. 'Enough') was a civic youth resistance movement in Georgia, active in the protests prior to and during the November 2003...
and towns of Georgia in a concerted campaign of civil resistance. The "Kmara" ("Enough!") youth organization (a Georgian counterpart of the Serbian "Otpor...
helped oust Slobodan Milošević in Serbia. In Georgia the movement was called Kmara. In the Ukrainian Orange Revolution, the movement worked under the slogan...
2004. The Rose Revolution was supported by the civic resistance movement, Kmara. 2004 – The Orange Revolution in Ukraine, followed the disputed second round...
have inspired and trained members of related student movements, including Kmara in Georgia, PORA in Ukraine, Zubr in Belarus, and MJAFT! in Albania. These...
listening to speeches by Saakashvili and other opposition figures. The Kmara ("Enough!") youth organization (a Georgian counterpart of the Serbian "Otpor...
defeat. Otpor has inspired other youth movements in Eastern Europe, such as Kmara in Georgia, which played an important role in the Rose Revolution, and PORA...
is also allied to related movements throughout Eastern Europe, including Kmara in the republic of Georgia (itself partly responsible for the downfall of...
recordings were uploaded on YouTube by a channel under the name of Cyber Kmara, purportedly of a call between Ivanishvili and Vladimir Yevtushenkov about...
trained by the Albert Einstein Institution[citation needed]), Georgia's Kmara, Kyrgyzstan's KelKel and Belarus' Zubr. [citation needed]PORA's Oleh Kyriyenko...
train students in the same techniques. As a result, the youth movement "Kmara" was established, which played a leading role in the November 2003 Rose...
actively involved in trainings for civil activists, and in 2003, trained Kmara activists in nonviolent campaigning techniques. He is author of the country's...
from 2001 to 2003, and helped organize the youth organization Kmara! ("Enough"). The Kmara movement played a critical role in the bloodless Rose Revolution...
minority crisis earlier that year, three Georgians from the youth movement Kmara were detained while visiting Belarus. The activists were detained on 24...
other civic youth organizations in Eastern Europe and elsewhere, including Kmara in the Republic of Georgia (itself partly responsible for the downfall of...
leaders had begun working with a student movement called Kmara ("Enough!") in 2002. Kmara went on to play a prominent role in securing the resignation...
including the Liberty Institute and Article 19 and co-founded the youth group Kmara that would eventually take a leading role in the Rose Revolution. Executive...
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