Kittim was a settlement in present-day Larnaca on the east coast of Cyprus, known in ancient times as Kition, or (in Latin) Citium. On this basis, the whole island became known as "Kittim" in Hebrew, including the Hebrew Bible. However the name seems to have been employed with some flexibility in Hebrew literature. It was often applied to all the Aegean islands and even to "the W[est] in general, but esp[ecially] the seafaring W[est]".[1] Flavius Josephus (c. 100 AD) records in his Antiquities of the Jews that
Cethimus [son of Javan] possessed the island Cethima: it is now called Cyprus; and from that it is that all islands, and the greatest part of the sea-coasts, are named Cethim by the Hebrews: and one city there is in Cyprus that has been able to preserve its denomination; it has been called Citius [or Citium/Κίτιον] by those who use the language of the Greeks, and has not, by the use of that dialect, escaped the name of Cethim.[2]
The expression "isles of Kittim", found in the Book of Jeremiah 2:10 and Ezekiel 27:6, indicates that, some centuries prior to Josephus, this designation had already become a general descriptor for the Mediterranean islands.[3] Sometimes this designation was further extended to apply to Romans, Macedonians or Seleucid Greeks. The Septuagint translates the occurrence of "Kittim" in the Book of Daniel 11:30 as Ῥωμαῖοι ("Romans"). 1 Maccabees 1:1 states that "Alexander the Great the Macedonian" had come from the "land of Kittim".[4] In the War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness from the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Kittim are referred to as being "of Asshur".[5] Eleazar Sukenik argued that this reference to Asshur should be understood to refer to the Seleucid Empire which controlled the territory of the former Assyrian Empire at that time, but his son Yigael Yadin interpreted this phrase as a veiled reference to the Romans.[6]
Answers in Genesis identifies the Greek god Cronus with Javan's son Kittim,[7] while others (including the Worldwide Church of God) have suggested that Kittim became the progenitor of various eastern Asian peoples.[8]
^The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible, Volume 2, 1975. Entry on 'Kittim'.
^Josephus, Flavius. The Antiquities of the Jews 1.6.1. Translated by William Whiston. Greek original.
^Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906. Entry on Cyprus.
^New Revised Standard Version with Apocrypha, 1989.
^Wise, Michael; Martin Abegg Jr.; Edward Cook. A New Translation of the Dead Sea Scrolls. HarperSanFrancisco, 2005, pg. 148.
^Eshel, Hanan. The Kittim in the War Scroll and in the Pesharim Paper presented at the Fourth Orion International Symposium, January 27–31, 1999.
^"Did Atlantis Exist?".
^"World News, Economics and Analysis Based on Bible Prophecy".
Kittim was a settlement in present-day Larnaca on the east coast of Cyprus, known in ancient times as Kition, or (in Latin) Citium. On this basis, the...
differences in the way the War against the Kittim and the War of Divisions are described. The War against the Kittim is referred to as a day of battle in best-of-seven...
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Greece, the Caucasus, and Anatolia: Ionia/Javan, Rhodes/Rodanim, Cyprus/Kittim, and other places in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The point of the...
scripture and was indeed successful in leading people astray. Kittim: A group called the Kittim is mentioned in several Pesharim, including Apocalypse of...
(Tarsus in Cilicia, but after 1646 often identified with Tartessus in Spain), Kittim (modern Cyprus), and Dodanim (alt. 1 Chron. 1:7 'Rodanim,' the island of...
went to war following the rape of the Sabines by the Kittim. This war was ended when the Kittim showed the descendants of Tubal their mutual progeny....
among the Sons of Noah: "And the sons of Javan [were:] Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim." This is restated very closely in 1 Chronicles 1:7. The next...
Larnaca The Armenian Genocide Memorial, unveiled in 2008 Larnaca District Kittim Chryspolitissa Orthodox Church "Population - Place of Residence, 2011"....
first time with success, but on his second he will be stopped by "ships of Kittim." He will turn back to his own country, and on the way his soldiers will...
though its location has been debated for centuries and remains uncertain. Kittim Kition Dodanim Uncertain, further complicated by its later attestation as...
and Martha later came to Cyprus, where Lazarus became the first Bishop of Kittim (modern Larnaca). All three died in Cyprus. Martha is venerated as a saint...
some Bible books were written before the Babylonian conquest of Judah. The Kittim were Greek mercenaries, probably from Cyprus and the Aegean islands, employed...
He also derives the name of their city Tarsus from Tharsus. Cethimus (Kittim): "The island Cethima: it is now called Cyprus". He also derives the Greek...
that Khatti was probably Kheta, but proposed connecting it with Biblical Kittim rather than with the Biblical Hittites. Sayce's identification came to be...
the Kenites by Assyria. The seventh, Numbers 24:23–24, concerns "ships of Kittim" coming from the west to attack Assyria and Eber. The poems fall into three...
in a Biblical prophecy, the Juhadite prophet Jeremiah used the names of Kittim (Cyprus) and Qēḏār to refer, respectively, to the western and eastern cardinal...
An account of the final eschatological battle of the Israelites and the Kittim (Romans), including a messianic figure named the "Prince of the Congregation...
Cristovão (Chapel of Saint Christopher) inside the town. Dodanim Javan Kittim Tarshish Sons of Noah The expansion of the Greek world, eighth to sixth...
is, a messianic figure known from other Dead Sea Scrolls. References to Kittim refer to an opposing force, and scholars agree that it most likely refers...
An account of the final eschatological battle of the Israelites and the Kittim (Romans), including a messianic figure named the "Prince of the Congregation...
and Hebrew traditions by James E. Miller, 1996, "The four sons of Javan, Kittim, Elisha, Tarshish and Dodanim, do not divide the Greeks along the lines...
the wicked Judah. In turn, the power to retaliate against and judge the Kittim will be granted by God to the faithful. What is even more significant than...
- AEK Kition. City-state Ten city-kingdoms of Cyprus History of Cyprus Kittim Lefkaritis Tomb Ship shed Zeno of Citium Flourentzos, Paulos (1996). A Guide...
the formation of their cultural identity. The Hebrews called Cyprus The Kittim Island. An early written source of Cypriot history mentions the nation under...