Term for Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries
Kirishitan 吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン
Japanese Christians in Portuguese costume, 16th–17th century.
Founder
Portuguese and Spanish missionaries
Regions with significant populations
Japan,
Philippines (exiled population)
Religions
Catholic Christianity
Scriptures
The Bible
Languages
Latin, Japanese
Main articles: History of the Catholic Church in Japan and Christianity in Japan
The Japanese term Kirishitan (吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン, きりしたん), from Portuguese cristão (cf. Kristang), meaning "Christian", referred to Catholic Christians in Japanese and is used in Japanese texts as a historiographic term for Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Modern Japanese has several words for "Christian", of which the most common are the noun form kirisuto-kyōto キリスト教徒, and also kurisuchan クリスチャン. The Japanese word kirishitan キリシタン is used primarily in Japanese texts for the early history of Roman Catholicism in Japan, or in relation to Kakure Kirishitan, hidden Christians. However, English sources on histories of Japan generally use the term "Christian" without distinction.
Christian missionaries were known as bateren (from the Portuguese word padre, "father" or "priest")[1] or iruman (from the Portuguese irmão, "brother"). Both the transcriptions 切支丹 and 鬼利死丹 came into use during the Edo Period when Christianity was a forbidden religion.
Portuguese ships began arriving in Japan in 1543,[2] with Catholic missionary activities in Japan beginning in earnest around 1549, mainly by Portuguese-sponsored Jesuits until Spanish-sponsored mendicant orders, such as the Franciscans and Dominicans, gained access to Japan. Of the 95 Jesuits who worked in Japan up to 1600, 57 were Portuguese, 20 were Spaniards and 18 Italian.[3] Francis Xavier,[4][5] Cosme de Torres (a Jesuit priest), and João Fernandes were the first to arrive to Kagoshima with hopes to bring Christianity and Catholicism to Japan. At its height, Japan is estimated to have had around 300,000 Christians.[6] Catholicism was subsequently repressed in several parts of the country and ceased to exist publicly in the 17th century.
The Japanese term Kirishitan (吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン, きりしたん), from Portuguese cristão (cf. Kristang), meaning "Christian", referred to Catholic Christians in...
Kakure kirishitan (Japanese: 隠れキリシタン, lit. 'hidden Christians') is a modern term for a member of the Catholic Church in Japan who went underground at the...
Catholics went underground, becoming hidden Christians (隠れキリシタン, kakure kirishitan), while others died. Only after the Meiji Restoration was Christianity...
the oral history of the local Christian (Kirishitan) communities, both Kakure Kirishitan and Hanare Kirishitan. As of 2002, there are 68,617 Catholics...
Catholics went underground, becoming hidden Christians (隠れキリシタン, kakure kirishitan), while others died. Only after the Meiji Restoration was Christianity...
include Indians and Arabs. Japanese Filipinos include escaped Christians (Kirishitan) who fled persecutions by Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ethnologue lists 186...
Shimofuji Kirishitan cemetery (下藤キリシタン墓地, Shimofuji kirishitan bochi) is a cemetery located in the Nozu neighborhood of the city of Usuki, Ōita, on the...
but was arrested in June 1643 and then incarcerated at a prison named Kirishitan Yashiki (Japanese: 吉利支丹屋敷, Christian Residence) in Edo. He also was tortured...
Justo Takayama (c. 1552/1553 - 5 February 1615) was a Japanese Catholic Kirishitan daimyō and samurai who lived during the Sengoku period that witnessed...
with Numata Jakō, and he was the husband of a famous Christian convert (Kirishitan), Hosokawa Gracia. For most of his life, he went under the name of Nagaoka...
Catholics went underground, becoming hidden Christians (隠れキリシタン, kakure kirishitan), while others lost their lives. After Japan was opened to foreign powers...
1600) was a Japanese daimyō who served Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Known as a Kirishitan daimyo, he is notable for his role as the vanguard of the Japanese invasion...
Archived from the original on October 13, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2021. "Kirishitan | religion". britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from...
modern times becoming known as the "hidden Christians" (隠れキリシタン, kakure kirishitan). These secret believers would often conceal Christian iconography in...
modern French Revolution Revolt in the Vendée Martyrs of Japan Kakure Kirishitan Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam Modern Constantinople...
lantern at a local Shinto shrine in Kanagawa Prefecture A kirishitan-dōrō Ikekomi-dōrō of the Kirishitan-dōrō type An oki-dōrō A nozura-dōrō Pagoda-shaped lantern...
of sites previously nominated, but currently not in the list. Kirishitan Kakure Kirishitan Tenshō embassy Hasekura Tsunenaga Nagasaki Peace Park World Heritage...
Some Christians survived by going underground, the so-called Kakure Kirishitan. Soon thereafter, the Portuguese were permanently expelled. Members of...
took the name Gyokusen-in in 1614. It is said that Naokata was a kakure kirishitan. He erected a stone lantern with the Virgin Mary engraved on it in Gyokusen-en...
most of the Oda clan, and controlled 30 provinces.: 313–314 The famous kirishitan daimyo and samurai Dom Justo Takayama fought on his side at this epic...
"follower of Christianity" is a tín đồ Cơ đốc giáo. In Japan, the term kirishitan (written in Edo period documents 吉利支丹, 切支丹, and in modern Japanese histories...
Catholics went underground, becoming hidden Christians (隠れキリシタン, kakure kirishitan), while others lost their lives. Only after the Meiji Restoration was...
GGKEY:BPN6N93KBJ7. Turnbull, Stephen (2013) [First published 1998]. The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and Rituals to the Present...
proclaimed a city on April 1, 1889. With Christianity legalized and the Kakure Kirishitan coming out of hiding, Nagasaki regained its earlier role as a center for...
Global Information