The stone on display in the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce and Runestone Museum
Created
19th century
Discovered
1898 CE Originally Kensington; currently located at Alexandria, Minnesota, United States
Discovered by
Olof Öhman
Runemaster
Disputed
Text – Native
Swedish dialects
8 : göter : ok : 22 : norrmen : po :
...o : opþagelsefärd : fro :
vinland : of : vest : vi :
hade : läger : ved : 2 : skLär : en :
dags : rise : norr : fro : þeno : sten :
vi : var : ok : fiske : en : dagh : äptir :
vi : kom : hem : fan : 10 : man : röde :
af : blod : og : ded : AVM :
frälse : äf : illü.
här : (10) : mans : ve : havet : at : se :
äptir : vore : skip : 14 : dagh : rise :
from : þeno : öh : ahr : 1362 :
Translation
(word-for-word): Eight Götalanders and 22 Northmen on (this?) exploration journey from Vinland far to the west. We had a camp by two (shelters?) one day's journey north from this stone. We were fishing one day. After we came home, found 10 men red from blood and dead. Ave Maria save from evil.
(side of stone) There are 10 men by the inland sea to look after our ships fourteen days journey from this peninsula (or island). Year 1362
Part of a series on the
Norse colonization of North America
Leiv Eirikson discovering America, 1893 painting by Christian Krohg
Places
Vinland
Markland
Helluland
L'Anse aux Meadows
Eastern Settlement
Western Settlement
Middle Settlement
Gunnbjörn's skerries
Great Ireland
Tanfield Valley
Straumfjörð
Alleged artifacts
Maine penny
Skálholt Map
Kensington Runestone
Vinland Map
Explorers
Erik the Red
Leif Erikson
Thorvald Eiriksson
Freydís Eiríksdóttir
Gunnbjörn Ulfsson
Snæbjörn galti
Bjarni Herjólfsson
Thorfinn Karlsefni
Helgi and Finnbogi
Literature
Saga of Erik the Red
Saga of the Greenlanders
Flateyjarbók
Hauksbók
Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum
Book of Icelanders
Skræling
Greenlandic Norse
Researchers
Galvano Fiamma
Adam of Bremen
Carl Christian Rafn
Helge Ingstad
Anne Stine Ingstad
Birgitta Wallace
Patricia Sutherland
Robert McGhee
Gwyn Jones
William W. Fitzhugh
v
t
e
Quintuple-scale replica of the Kensington stone, erected 1951 in Alexandria, Minnesota by the Alexandria Kiwanis Club.Statue of "Big Ole the Viking" in Alexandria, Minnesota, proclaiming the city the "Birthplace of America," based on an assumed authenticity of the Kensington Stone.
The Kensington Runestone is a slab of greywacke stone covered in runes that was discovered in central Minnesota, United States, in 1898. Olof Ohman, a Swedish immigrant, reported that he unearthed it from a field in the largely rural township of Solem in Douglas County. It was later named after the nearest settlement, Kensington.
The inscription purports to be a record left behind by Scandinavian explorers in the 14th century (internally dated to the year 1362). There has been a drawn-out debate regarding the stone's authenticity, but since the first scientific examination in 1910, the scholarly consensus has classified it as a 19th-century hoax, with some critics directly charging Ohman with fabrication.[1] Nevertheless, there remains a community convinced of the stone's authenticity.[2]
^Gustavson, Helmer. "The non-enigmatic runes of the Kensington stone". Viking Heritage Magazine. 2004 (3). Gotland University. [...] every Scandinavian runologist and expert in Scandinavian historical linguistics has declared the Kensington stone a hoax [...] - Wallace, B (1971). "Some points of controversy". In Ashe G; et al. (eds.). The Quest for America. New York: Praeger. pp. 154–174. ISBN 0-269-02787-4. - Wahlgren, Erik (1986). The Vikings and America (Ancient Peoples and Places). Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-02109-0. - Michlovic, MG (1990). "Folk Archaeology in Anthropological Perspective". Current Anthropology. 31 (11): 103–107. doi:10.1086/203813. S2CID 144500409. - Hughey M, Michlovic MG (1989). "Making history: The Vikings in the American heartland". Politics, Culture and Society. 2 (3): 338–360. doi:10.1007/BF01384829. S2CID 145559328.
^Søderlind, Didrik (December 7, 2005). "Kan du stole på Wikipedia?". Forskning (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on October 7, 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2008. Det finnes en liten klikk med amerikanere som sverger til at steinen er ekte. De er stort sett skandinaviskættede realister uten peiling på språk, og de har store skarer med tilhengere." [There is a small clique of Americans who swear to the stone's authenticity. They are mainly natural scientists of Scandinavian descent with no knowledge of linguistics, and they have large numbers of adherents.]
and 23 Related for: Kensington Runestone information
The KensingtonRunestone is a slab of greywacke stone covered in runes that was discovered in central Minnesota, United States, in 1898. Olof Ohman, a...
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also noted peculiarities relating the inscriptions directly to the KensingtonRunestone inscription. Thus, he concluded that the inscriptions were most likely...
the American runestones, such as the Kensingtonrunestone or the Oklahoma runestones. Especially since the late 20th century, runestones in the style...
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